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Biogeographic and faunistic division of the Eurasian Polar Ocean based on distributions of Hydrozoa (Cnidaria)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 March 2015

Alexander E. Antsulevich
Alexander E. Antsulevich*
Affiliation:
Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab., 7/9; Scientific Research Center for Ecological Safety, Russian Academy of Sciences, Corpusnaya str., 18, Saint Petersburg, Russia
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: A.E. Antsulevich, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab., 7/9; Scientific Research Center for Ecological Safety, Russian Academy of Sciences, Corpusnaya str., 18, Saint Petersburg, Russia email: hydra.antsu@gmail.com
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Abstract

The hydroid and hydromedusa fauna of Russian Arctic seas, totalling 161 species, has been revised taxonomically and biogeographically. Diversity is highest in the Barents Sea, where 133 species are known to occur. Species composition of Hydrozoa throughout Russian Eurasia is decidedly uniform, with marked similarity among all regional faunistic lists. An assemblage of Arctic ubiquitists, a majority of them boreal-Arctic species, comprise the main element of hydrozoans in all Arctic seas. This faunistic main element is responsible for the faunal uniformity observed from one sea to the next across thousands of kilometres along the northern Eurasian coast. Exceptions occur in marginal regions including western parts of the Barents Sea and south-eastern parts of the Chukchi Sea, where species distribution area contours (named as ‘synperates’) come close together. Based on a biogeographic analysis of faunistic data and species distributions of Hydrozoa, all temperate and cold waters of the Eurasian seas and the Central Polar Basin were referred to a single Arctatlantic biogeographic realm. Biogeographic subdivisions within this realm have rather low hierarchical rank, the result of low endemism, high faunal similarity across the northern seas, and predominance of a North Atlantic fauna in Russian northern seas as far as the easternmost Chukchi Sea.

Keywords

Polar OceanHydrozoadistributionbiogeography
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 95 , Issue 8 , December 2015 , pp. 1533 - 1539
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 2015 

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