Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T06:57:21.393Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Demosponges from Ascension Island with a description of nine new species

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 November 2021

Claire Goodwin Open the ORCID record for Claire Goodwin [Opens in a new window] ,
Judith Brown ,
Rachel Downey ,
Nhu Trieu ,
Paul E. Brewin  and
Paul Brickle
Claire Goodwin*
Affiliation:
Huntsman Marine Science Centre, 1 Lower Campus Road, New Brunswick, E5B 3A3, Canada Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Brunswick Saint John, 100 Tucker Park Road, Saint John, New Brunswick, E2L 4L5, Canada
Judith Brown
Affiliation:
Shallow Marine Surveys Group, 2 Philomel Place, Stanley FIQQ 1ZZ, Falkland Islands Limpet Blue Ltd, Killin FK21 8UJ, Scotland, UK
Rachel Downey
Affiliation:
Fenner School of Environment & Society, Australian National University, Linnaeus Way, Acton, ACT 2601, Canberra, Australia
Nhu Trieu
Affiliation:
Microscopy and Microanalysis Facility, University of New Brunswick Fredericton, 3 Bailey Drive, P.O. Box 4400, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada, E3B 5A3
Paul E. Brewin
Affiliation:
Shallow Marine Surveys Group, 2 Philomel Place, Stanley FIQQ 1ZZ, Falkland Islands South Atlantic Environmental Research Institute, PO Box 609, Stanley Cottage, Ross Road, Stanley FIQQ 1ZZ, Falkland Islands
Paul Brickle
Affiliation:
Shallow Marine Surveys Group, 2 Philomel Place, Stanley FIQQ 1ZZ, Falkland Islands South Atlantic Environmental Research Institute, PO Box 609, Stanley Cottage, Ross Road, Stanley FIQQ 1ZZ, Falkland Islands School of Biological Sciences (Zoology), University of Aberdeen, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
*
Author for correspondence: Claire Goodwin, E-mail: claire.goodwin@huntsmanmarine.ca
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

We surveyed the shallow-water sponges of Ascension Island using scuba diving. In total, we collected 58 sponge specimens from 17 locations at depths of 0.5–30 m. In addition, we compiled historical records of sponges. We describe nine species new to science: Niphates verityae sp. nov., Petrosia (Petrosia) ernesti sp. nov., Monanchora downesae sp. nov., Svenzea weberorum sp. nov., Erylus williamsae sp. nov., Ircinia nolanae sp. nov., Ircinia richardsoni sp. nov., Ircinia simae sp. nov. and Chondrosia browningorum sp. nov. We provide molecular sequences for three of the new species. We have added 50% to the number of known species and added two new genera and one family to the known Ascension Island sponge fauna. Twenty-six species, from 16 genera, and 13 families, are now reported from Ascension's shallow waters. Many of these may be endemic to the island. We discuss the biogeographic affinities of Ascension Island and emphasize the need for additional survey of the sponge fauna of remote islands such as Ascension.

Keywords

BenthosbiogeographyendemismisolationMid-Atlantic OceanPoriferascubatropical south Atlantic
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 101 , Issue 5 , August 2021 , pp. 767 - 790
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alcolado, PM and Gotera, GG (1986) Nuevas adiciones a la fauna de poriferos de Cuba. Poeyana 331, 1–19.Google Scholar
Alvarez, B, Van Soest, RWM and Rützler, K (1998) A revision of axinellidae (Porifera: Demospongiae) in the Central West Atlantic Region. Smithsonian Contribution to Zoology 598, 1–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alvarez, B, Van Soest, RWM and Rützler, K (2002) Svenzea, a new genus of Dictyonellidae (Porifera: Demospongiae) from tropical reef environments, with description of two new species. Contributions to Zoology 71, 171–176.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ascension Island Government (2020) The Ascension Island Marine Protected Area Management Plan 2021–2026.Google Scholar
Barnes, DKA (2017) Marine colonisation and biodiversity at Ascension Island and remote islands. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 97, 771–782.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bavastrello, G, Pansini, M and Sarà, M (1994) The variability and taxonomic status of different Petrosia-like sponges in the Mediterranean Sea. In Van Soest, RWM, Van Kempen, TMG and Braekman, J-C (eds), Sponges in Time and Space: Biology, Chemistry, Paleontology. Rotterdam: Balkema, pp. 83–92.Google Scholar
Boury-Esnault, N (1973) Résultats Scientifiques des Campagnes de la Calypso. Campagne de la Calypso au large des côtes atlantiques de l'Amérique du Sud (1961–1962). I. Spongiaires. Annales de l'Institut Océanographique 49, 263–295.Google Scholar
Boury-Esnault, N (2002) Order Chondrosida Boury-Esnault & Lopès, 1985. Family Chondrillidae Gray, 1872. In Hooper, JNA and Van Soest, RWM (eds), Systema Porifera: A Guide to the Classification of Sponges. New York, NY: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, pp. 291–299.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boury-Esnault, N, Pansini, M and Uriz, MJ (1994) Spongiaires bathyaux de la mer d'Alboran et du golfe ibéro-marocain. Mémoires Du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle 160, 1–174.Google Scholar
Brickle, P, Brown, J, Küpper, FC and Brewin, PE (2017) Biodiversity of the marine environment around Ascension Island, South Atlantic. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 97, 643–646.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Briggs, JC (1974) Marine Zoogeography. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Briggs, JC (1995) Global Biogeography. Developments in Paleontology and Stratigraphy 14. Amsterdam: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Briggs, JC and Bowen, BW (2012) A realignment of marine biogeographic provinces with particular reference to fish distributions. Journal of Biogeography 39, 12–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burton, M (1932) Sponges. Discovery Reports 6, 237–392, pls 48–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burton, M (1956) The Sponges of West Africa. Atlantide Report (Scientific Results of the Danish Expedition to the Coasts of Tropical West Africa, 1945–1946, Copenhagen) 4, pp. 111–147.Google Scholar
Chace, FJ and Manning, R (1972) Two new Caridean shrimps, one representing a new family, from marine pools on Ascension Island (Crustacea: Decapoda: Natantia). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 131, 1–18.Google Scholar
Chombard, C, Boury-Esnault, N and Tillier, S (1998) Reassessment of homology of morphological characters in tetractinellid sponges based on molecular data. Systematic Biology 47, 351–366.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clark, K, Karsch-Mizrachi, I, Liman, D, Ostell, J and Sayers, E (2016) GenBank. Nucleic Acids Research 44, 67–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
de Lamarck, JB (1814) Sur les polypiers empâtés. Annales du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle 20, 294–312, 370–386; 432–458.Google Scholar
de Lamarck, JB (1816) Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres, Tome second. Paris: Verdière, 568 pp.Google Scholar
De Laubenfels, MW (1934) New sponges from the Puerto Rican deep. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 91, 1–28.Google Scholar
De Laubenfels, MW (1936) A Discussion of the Sponge Fauna of the Dry Tortugas in Particular and the West Indies in General, with Material for a Revision of the Families and Orders of the Porifera. Carnegie Institute of Washington Publication 467 (Tortugas Laboratory Paper 30), pp. 1–225.Google Scholar
De Laubenfels, MW (1950) The Porifera of the Bermuda archipelago. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 27, 1–154.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Weerdt, WH and Van Soest, RWM (1986) Marine shallow-water Haplosclerida (Porifera) from the south-eastern part of the North Atlantic Ocean. Zoologische Verhandelingen 225, 1–49.Google Scholar
Den Hartog, JC (1989) Herinneringen aan een reis naar Sint-Helena. Dieren 6, 114–120.Google Scholar
Desqueyroux-Faúndez, R and Valentine, C (2002) Family Petrosiidae Van Soest, 1980. In Hooper, JNA and Van Soest, RWM (eds), Systema Porifera: A Guide to the Classification of Sponges. New York, NY: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, pp. 906–917.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duchassaing de Fonbressin, P and Michelotti, G (1864) Spongiaires de la mer Caraibe. Natuurkundige Verhandelingen Van de Hollandsche Maatschappij Der Wetenschappen Te Haarlem.Google Scholar
Eerkes-Medrano, D, Feehan, C and Leys, SP (2014) Sponge cell aggregation: checkpoints in development indicate a high level of organismal complexity. Invertebrate Biology 134, 1–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Erpenbeck, D, Voigt, O, Al-Aidaroos, AM, Berumen, ML, Büttner, D, Cantania, D, Guirguis, AN, Paulay, G, Schätzle, S and Wörheide, G (2016) Molecular biodiversity of Red Sea demosponges. Marine Pollution Bulletin 105, 507–514.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Esteves, EL, Lerner, C, Lôbo-Hajdu, G and Hajdu, E (2012) Monanchora brasiliensis sp. nov. (Poecilosclerida: Demospongiae), new crambeid from the Brazilian coast, southwestern Atlantic, with monodentate anchorate chelae. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 92, 869–876.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Esteves, EL, Paula, TSD, Lerner, C, Lôbo-Hajdu, G and Hajdu, E (2018) Morphological and molecular systematics of the ‘Monanchora arbuscula complex’ (Poecilosclerida: Crambeidae), with the description of five new species and a biogeographic discussion of the genus in the Tropical Western Atlantic. Invertebrate Systematics 32, 457–503.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evangelidis, CP, Minshull, TA and Henstock, TJ (2004) Three-dimensional crustal structure of Ascension Island from active source seismic tomography. Geophysical Journal International 159, 311–325.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Floeter, SR, Rocha, LA, Robertson, DR, Joyeux, JC, Smith-Vaniz, WF, Wirtz, P, Edwards, AJ, Barreiros, JP, Ferreira, CEL, Gasparini, JL, Brito, A, Falcón, JM, Bowen, BW and Bernardi, G (2008) Atlantic reef fish biogeography and evolution. Journal of Biogeography 35, 22–47.Google Scholar
George, WC and Wilson, HV (1919) Sponges of Beaufort (N.C.) Harbor and Vicinity. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, Washington.Google Scholar
Gómez, P and Calderón-Gutiérrez, F (2020) Anchialine cave-dwelling sponge fauna (Porifera) from La Quebrada, Mexico, with the description of the first Mexican stygobiont sponges. Zootaxa 4803, 125–151.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hentschel, E (1914) Monaxone Kieselschwämme und Hornschwämme der Deutschen Südpolar-Expedition 1901–1903. Deutsche Südpolar-Expedition, 1901–03 15, 35–141.Google Scholar
Idan, T, Shefer, S, Feldstein, T, Yahel, R, Huchon, D and Ilan, M (2018) Shedding light on an East-Mediterranean mesophotic sponge ground community and the regional sponge fauna. Mediterranean Marine Science 19, 84–106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Irving, R (1989) A preliminary investigation of the sublittoral habitats and communities of Ascension Island, South Atlantic. Progress in Underwater Science 13, 65–78.Google Scholar
Irving, R (2013) Ascension Island's hermatypic but non-reef building corals. In Sheppard, C (ed.), Coral Reefs of the United Kingdom Overseas Territories. Coral Reefs of the World, Vol. 4. Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 213–221.Google Scholar
Kirkpatrick, R (1910) Hydrozoa and Porifera. In Cunningham, JT (ed.), On the Marine Fishes and Invertebrates of St Helena. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1910, 86–131.Google Scholar
Klautau, M, Russo, C, Lazoski, C, Boury-Esnault, N, Thorpe, J and Solé-Cava, AM (1999) Does cosmopolitanism result from overconservative systematics? A case study using the marine sponge Chondrilla nucula. Evolution 53, 1414–1422.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lazoski, C, Solé-Cava, A, Boury-Esnault, N, Klautau, M and Russo, CAM (2001) Cryptic speciation in a high gene flow scenario in the oviparous marine sponge Chondrosia reniformis. Marine Biology 139, 421–429.Google Scholar
Lehnert, H and Stone, RP (2019) Two new species of Geodiidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Astrophorina) from the Emperor Seamounts, North Pacific Ocean. Zootaxa 4671, 381–395.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lehnert, H and Van Soest, RWM (1996) North Jamaican deep fore-reef sponges. Beaufortia 46, 53–81.Google Scholar
Lehnert, H and Van Soest, RWM (1999) More North Jamaican deep fore-reef sponges. Beaufortia 49, 141–169.Google Scholar
Lubbock, R (1980) The shore fishes of Ascension Island. Journal of Fish Biology 17, 283–303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lundbeck, W (1902) Porifera. (Part I.) Homorrhaphidae and Heterorrhaphidae. In The Danish Ingolf-Expedition. 6(1). Copenhagen: Bianco Luno, pp. 1–108.Google Scholar
Maldonado, M (2006) The ecology of the sponge larva. Canadian Journal of Zoology 84, 175–194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manconi, R, Cadeddu, B, Ledda, F and Pronzato, R (2013) An overview of the Mediterranean cave-dwelling horny sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae). ZooKeys 281, 1–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manning, RB and Chace, FA Jr (1990) Decapod and stomatopod crustacea from the Ascension Island, South Atlantic Ocean. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 503, 1–91. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.503.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Messing, CG, Bangalore, PV, Diaz, MC, Freeman, CJ, Kohler, KE, Reed, JK, Ruetzler, K, Thacker, RW, Van Soest, RWM, Wulff, JL and Zea, S (2020) South Florida Sponges: A Guide to Identification. Available at https://guide.poriferatreeoflife.org/index.html/ Accessed online 24 January 2021.Google Scholar
Meyer, CP, Geller, JB and Paulay, G (2005) Fine scale endemism on coral reefs: archipelagic differentiation in turbinid gastropods. Evolution 59, 113–125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moraes, FC, Ventura, M, Klautau, M, Hajdu, E and Muricy, G (2006) Biodiversidade de esponjas das ilhas oceânicas brasileiras. In Alves, RJV and Castro, JWA (eds), Ilhas Oceânicas Brasileiras – da pesquisa ao manejo. Brasília: Ministério do Meio Ambiente, Secretaria de Biodiversidade e Florestas, pp. 147–178.Google Scholar
Naturalis BioPortal (2021) Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Available at http://bioportal.naturalis.nl.Google Scholar
OBIS (2021) Ocean Biodiversity Information System. Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO. Available at www.obis.org.Google Scholar
Parco Nazionale Cinque Terre (2019) L'Area Marina Protetta delle Cinque Terre. Available at https://cinqueterre.macisteweb.com/dborganismi/plomino_documents/caaf3a4e52614a4caaf3cfa784a35df8. Accessed online 24 January 2021.Google Scholar
Pawson, DL (1978) The echinoderm fauna of Ascension Island, South Atlantic Ocean. Smithsonian Contributions to Marine Science 2, 1–31.Google Scholar
Poléjaeff, N (1884) Report on the Keratosa collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873–1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger, Zoology 11, 1–88.Google Scholar
Pronzato, R, Malva, R and Manconi, R (2004) The taxonomic status of Ircinia fasciculata, Ircinia felix, and Ircinia variabilis (Dictyoceratida, Irciinidae). In Pansini, M, Pronzato, R, Bavestrello, G, Manconi, R and Sarà, M (eds), Sponge Science in the New Millennium. Papers con. Bollettino Dei Musei e Degli Istituti Biologici Della Univertità Di Genova 68, pp. 553–563.Google Scholar
Pulitzer-Finali, G (1986) A collection of west Indian demospongiae (Porifera). In Appendix, A List of the Demospongiae Hitherto Recorded From the West Indies. Annali Del Museo Civico Di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria 86. Genova: Montotipia Erred, 65–216.Google Scholar
Reimer, JD, Lorion, J, Irei, Y, Hoeksema, BW and Wirtz, P (2017) Ascension Island shallow-water Zoantharia (Hexacorallia: Cnidaria) and their zooxanthellae (Symbiodinium). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 97, 695–703.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosen, DE (1975) A Vicariance model of Caribbean biogeography. Systematic Zoology 24, 431–464.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosewater, J (1975) An annotated list of the marine mollusks of Ascension Island, South Atlantic Ocean. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 189, 1–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rützler, K, Piantoni, C, Van Soest, RWM and Díaz, MC (2014) Diversity of sponges (Porifera) from cryptic habitats on the Belize barrier reef near Carrie Bow Cay. Zootaxa 3805, 1–129.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sandes, J and Pinheiro, U (2014) Dictyoceratida (Porifera: Demospongiae) from Tropical Southwestern Atlantic (Northeastern Brazil, Sergipe State) and the description of three new species. Zootaxa 3838, 445–461.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Santos, GG, Docio, L and Pinheiro, U (2014) Two new species of the family Niphatidae Van Soest, 1980 from Northeastern Brazil (Haplosclerida: Demospongiae: Porifera). Zootaxa 3774, 265–274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmidt, O (1862) Die Spongien des adriatischen Meeres. Leipzig: Wilheim Engelmann.Google Scholar
Schmidt, O (1864) Supplement der Spongien des adriatischen Meeres. Enthaltend Die Histologie Und Systematische Ergänzungen. Leipzig: Wilheim Engelmann.Google Scholar
Schmidt, O (1870) Grundzüge einer Spongien-Fauna des qtlantischen Gebietes. Leipzig: Wilheim Engelmann.Google Scholar
Sitjà, C, Maldonado, M, Farias, C and Rueda, JL (2019) Deep-water sponge fauna from the mud volcanoes of the Gulf of Cadiz (North Atlantic, Spain). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 99, 807–831.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spalding, MD, Fox, HE, Allen, GR, Davidson, N, Ferdaña, ZA, Finlayson, M, Halpern, BS, Jorge, MA, Lombana, A, Lourie, SA, Martin, KD, McManus, E, Molnar, J, Recchia, CA and Robertson, J (2007) Marine ecoregions of the world: a bioregionalisation of coastal and shelf areas. Bioscience 57, 573–583.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stephens, J (1915) Atlantic sponges collected by the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 50, 423–467.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, J and Irving, R (1985) Operation Origin Ascension Island 1985 Final report Vol. 1.Google Scholar
Thacker, RW, Hill, AL, Hill, MS, Remond, NE, Collins, AG, Morrow, CC, Spicer, L, Carmack, CA, Zappe, ME, Pohlmann, D, Hall, C, Diaz, MC and Bangalore, PV (2013) Nearly complete 28S rRNA gene sequences confirm new hypotheses of sponge evolution. Integrative and Comparative Biology 53, 373–387.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Topsent, E (1904) Spongiaires des Açores. Plate 17. Résultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I. Monaco 25, 1–280.Google Scholar
Topsent, E (1923) Sur une Hircinia de forme caractéristique: Hircinia (Euricinia) reteplana n. sp. du Musée Zoologique de Strasbourg. Bulletin de l'Association Philomathique d'Alsace et de Lorraine 6, 231–235.Google Scholar
Topsent, E (1928) Spongiaires de l'Atlantique et de la Méditerranée provenant des croisières du Prince Albert ler de Monaco. Résultats Des Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies Par Le Prince Albert I. Monaco 74, 1–376.Google Scholar
Vacelet, J (1959) Répartition générale des éponges et systématique des éponges cornées de la région de Marseille et de quelques stations méditerranéennes. Recueil Des Travaux de La Station Marine d'Endoume 16, 39–101.Google Scholar
Van Soest, RWM (1978) Marine sponges from Curaçao and other Caribbean localities. Part I. Keratosa. In Hummelinck, PW and Van der Steen, LJ (eds), Uitgaven Van de Natuurwetenschappelijke Studiekring voor Suriname en de Nederlandse Antillen. No. 94. Studies on the Fauna of Curaçao and Other Caribbean Islands 56. Utrecht: Foundation for Scientific Research in Surinam and the Netherlands Antilles, pp. 1–94.Google Scholar
Van Soest, RWM (1980) Marine sponges from Curaçao and other Caribbean localities. Part II. Haplosclerida. In Hummelinck, PW and Van der Steen, LJ (eds), Uitgaven Van de Natuurwetenschappelijke Studiekring voor Suriname en de Nederlandse Antillen. No. 104. Studies on the Fauna of Curaçao and Other Caribbean Islands 62. Utrecht: Foundation for Scientific Research in Surinam and the Netherlands Antilles, pp. 1–173.Google Scholar
Van Soest, RWM (1990) Monanchora stocki n. sp. (Porifera, Poecilosclerida) from the Mid-Atlantic Islands. Bijdragen Tot de Dierkunde 60, 249–255.Google Scholar
Van Soest, RWM (2017) Sponges of the Guyana shelf. Zootaxa 4217, 1–225.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Soest, RWM and Hooper, JNA (2002). Suborder Haplosclerina Topsent, 1928. In Hooper, JNA and Van Soest, RWM (eds), Systema Porifera: A Guide to the Classification of Sponges. New York, NY: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, pp. 291–299.Google Scholar
Van Soest, RWM, Picton, BE and Morrow, CC (2000) Sponges of the NE Atlantic. In World Biodiversity Database CD-ROM Series, Windows/Mac version 1.0. Amsterdam: ETI Bioinformatics, University of Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Van Soest, RWM, Beglinger, EJ and de Voogd, NJ (2013) Microcionid sponges from Northwest Africa and the Macaronesian Islands (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida). Zoölogische Mededelingen Leiden 87, 275–404.Google Scholar
Van Soest, RWM, Beglinger, EJ and de Voogd, NJ (2014) Mycale species (Porifera: Poecilosclerida) of Northwest Africa and the Macaronesian Islands. Zoölogische Mededelingen Leiden 88, 59–109.Google Scholar
Van Soest, RWM, Boury-Esnault, N, Hooper, JNA, Rützler, K, de Voogd, NJ, Alvarez, B, Hajdu, E, Pisera, AB, Manconi, R, Schönberg, C, Klautau, M, Kelly, M, Vacelet, J, Dohrmann, M, Diaz, MC, Cárdenas, P, Carballo, JL, Ríos, P, Downey, RV and Morrow, CC (2021) World Porifera Database. Available at http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera. Accessed online 24 January 2021.Google Scholar
Vieira, WF, Cosme, B and Hajdu, E (2010) Three new Erylus (Demospongiae, Astrophorida, Geodiidae) from the Almirante Saldanha Seamount (off SE Brazil), with further data for a tabular review of worldwide species and comments on Brazilian seamount sponges. Marine Biology Research 6, 437–460.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiedenmayer, F (1977) Shallow-water sponges of the western Bahamas. Experientia Supplementum 28, 145–147.Google Scholar
Xavier, J, Rachello-Dolmen, P, Parra-Velandia, FJ, Schönberg, C, Breeuwer, J and Van Soest, RWM (2010) Molecular evidence of cryptic speciation in the “cosmopolitan” excavating sponge Cliona celata (Porifera, Clionaidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 56, 13–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zea, S, Henkel, TP and Pawlik, JR (2014) The Sponge Guide: A Picture Guide to Caribbean Sponges. 2nd Edition. Available at https://spongeguide.uncw.edu/2ndedition.Google Scholar
Zibrowius, H, Wirtz, P, Nunes, F, Hoeksema, BW and Benzoni, F (2014) Shallow-water scleratinian corals of Ascension Island, Central South Atlantic. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 97, 713–725.CrossRefGoogle Scholar