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Geometric morphometric analysis discriminates native and non-native species of Caprellidae in western North America

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2008

Eva I. Riedlecker ,
Gail V. Ashton  and
Gregory M. Ruiz
Eva I. Riedlecker
Affiliation:
Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Road, Edgewater, MD 21037, US Department of Theoretical Biology and Morphology, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
Gail V. Ashton*
Affiliation:
Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Road, Edgewater, MD 21037, US
Gregory M. Ruiz
Affiliation:
Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Road, Edgewater, MD 21037, US
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: Gail V. Ashton, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Road, Edgewater, MD 21037, US email: ashtong@si.edu
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Abstract

Characteristics of the second gnathopod are traditionally used to distinguish between species of caprellid amphipods. However, these distinctions are often subjective and can be variable within a species. Geometric morphometrics were used to quantitatively assess shape variation of the second gnathopod propodus of three species of caprellids in North America, including the non-native Caprella mutica. Gnathopod shapes of C. mutica specimens from different latitudes revealed distinct morphologies; the factors responsible for the shape variations are unknown. Allometric change of propodus shape was observed in C. mutica. Larger individuals showed a wide array of possible propodus morphologies. Despite this variability, there were clear differences between large specimens of C. mutica and two species native to North America: C. alaskana and C. kennerlyi. The use of geometric morphometrics and the thin-plate spline method can serve to both complement descriptions using traditional keys and aid in identification of non-native species in novel geographical regions.

Keywords

allometryamphipodCaprella muticalatitudinal variationmorphologyshape
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 89 , Issue 3 , May 2009 , pp. 535 - 542
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 2008

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