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Impact of excessive sedimentation caused by anthropogenic activities on benthic suspension feeders in the Sea of Marmara

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 December 2018

Nur Eda Topçu ,
Emre Turgay ,
Remziye Eda Yardımcı ,
Bülent Topaloğlu ,
Ahsen Yüksek ,
Terje M. Steinum ,
Süheyla Karataş  and
Bayram Öztürk
Nur Eda Topçu*
Affiliation:
Department of Marine Biology, Istanbul University Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Ordu cad No 8 34470 Laleli/Fatih Istanbul, Turkey
Emre Turgay*
Affiliation:
Department of Fish Diseases, Istanbul University Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Ordu cad No 8 34470 Laleli/Fatih Istanbul, Turkey
Remziye Eda Yardımcı
Affiliation:
Department of Fish Diseases, Istanbul University Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Ordu cad No 8 34470 Laleli/Fatih Istanbul, Turkey
Bülent Topaloğlu
Affiliation:
Department of Marine Biology, Istanbul University Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Ordu cad No 8 34470 Laleli/Fatih Istanbul, Turkey Turkish Marine Research Foundation No 10, 81650 Beykoz/Istanbul, Turkey
Ahsen Yüksek
Affiliation:
Institute of Marine Sciences and Management, Istanbul University, Müşküle Sok. No:17, 34134 Vefa/Fatih Istanbul, Turkey
Terje M. Steinum
Affiliation:
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul University Faculty of Sciences, Ordu cad No 8 Laleli, 34470 Istanbul, Turkey
Süheyla Karataş
Affiliation:
Department of Fish Diseases, Istanbul University Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Ordu cad No 8 34470 Laleli/Fatih Istanbul, Turkey
Bayram Öztürk
Affiliation:
Department of Marine Biology, Istanbul University Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Ordu cad No 8 34470 Laleli/Fatih Istanbul, Turkey Turkish Marine Research Foundation No 10, 81650 Beykoz/Istanbul, Turkey
*
Author for correspondence: Nur Eda Topçu, E-mail: edatopcu@istanbul.edu.tr and Emre Turgay, E-mail: eturgay@istanbul.edu.tr
Author for correspondence: Nur Eda Topçu, E-mail: edatopcu@istanbul.edu.tr and Emre Turgay, E-mail: eturgay@istanbul.edu.tr
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Abstract

A massive die-off of benthic suspension feeders (BSF) covered by large amounts of sediments was observed along Prince Islands coasts (north-eastern Sea of Marmara) in August 2015. Alcyonarians, pennatulaceans, bivalves and sponges were severely affected. Many BSF probably died from burial and clogging of their feeding and respiratory apparatus. Of the gorgonian colonies, 66 ± 34% (mean ± SD) were dead, while 15 ± 16% (mean ± SD) displayed recent necrosis on the colony surface. In addition, histopathological and microbial examinations of the affected gorgonians and gold corals (Savalia savaglia) suggest that stress caused by sedimentation made them vulnerable to exploitation by consistently isolated opportunistic microorganisms. We isolated Vibrio splendidus and Vibrio neptunius from diseased gold coral colonies, but the bacterial isolates obtained from gorgonians could only be identified to genus Vibrio level. The presumably artificially introduced fungus Mucor circinelloides was common on both gold coral and gorgonians. This mould and opportunistic bacteria may have colonized BSF by taking advantage of low oxygen levels leading to impaired coral immune responses and thereby exacerbated the BSF mortality. Construction and landfill operations at Yassıada seem to be the greatest contributor to the observed sedimentation, as shown by silicate concentrations in nearby waters. These observations imply that preventive measures are necessary when construction operations take place in the vicinity of sensitive marine habitats.

Keywords

Coralsdisturbancegorgoniansmass mortalityMucorVibrio
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 99 , Issue 5 , August 2019 , pp. 1075 - 1086
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 2018 

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