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Maximum gonad investment of the sexes of the broadcast-spawning sea cucumber Holothuria (Halodeima) inornata (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 February 2022

Omar Hernando Avila-Poveda Open the ORCID record for Omar Hernando Avila-Poveda [Opens in a new window] ,
Francisco Benítez-Villalobos Open the ORCID record for Francisco Benítez-Villalobos [Opens in a new window] ,
Geoff A. Parker Open the ORCID record for Geoff A. Parker [Opens in a new window] ,
Heleni Cancino-Guzman  and
Everardo Ramos-Ramirez
Omar Hernando Avila-Poveda*
Affiliation:
Facultad de Ciencias del Mar (FACIMAR), Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa (UAS), Mazatlán, Sinaloa, México Programa de Investigadoras e Investigadores por México, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT), Ciudad de México, México
Francisco Benítez-Villalobos*
Affiliation:
Instituto de Recursos, Universidad del Mar (UMAR), Puerto Angel, Oaxaca, Mexico
Geoff A. Parker
Affiliation:
Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
Heleni Cancino-Guzman
Affiliation:
Instituto de Biociencias, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas (UNACH), Tapachula, Chiapas, México
Everardo Ramos-Ramirez
Affiliation:
Licenciatura en Biología Marina, Universidad del Mar (UMAR), Puerto Ángel, Oaxaca, México
*
Author for correspondence: Omar Hernando Avila-Poveda, E-mail: oavila@uas.edu.mx, ohavilapo@conacyt.mx; Francisco Benítez-Villalobos, E-mail: fbv@angel.umar.mx
Author for correspondence: Omar Hernando Avila-Poveda, E-mail: oavila@uas.edu.mx, ohavilapo@conacyt.mx; Francisco Benítez-Villalobos, E-mail: fbv@angel.umar.mx
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Abstract

An organism's maximum gonad investment (MGI) typically indicates its reproductive season and is often measured by the peak of the gonadosomatic index. Since external sexual dimorphism is often not evident, intrinsic sex differences remain unstudied. We analysed the reproductive seasonality of each sex of the broadcast-spawning sea cucumber Holothuria (Halodeima) inornata in two populations (Caleta de Campos, Michoacán ‘CC’ and Puerto Madero, Chiapas ‘PM’) in the southern coast of the Mexican Pacific by examining: intensity and duration of MGI, frequency of each gonadal developmental stage (GDS) through time, sexual asymmetry in GSI, sexual asymmetry in GDS, and adult sex ratio. We observed a trade-off between the intensity (%) and duration (months) of each sex's MGI: as intensity decreases, duration increases and conversely. The frequency of ripe and spawning stages was consistently higher in females than males. Sexual asymmetry in GSI was slightly female-biased in the PM population, but male-biased in the CC population. Sexual asymmetry in GDS showed a more recurrent sexual equality at PM than at CC. The adult sex ratio of each population did not differ significantly from unity, but showed a near-significant trend for male bias in the CC. Although H. inornata exhibited different MGI responses between males and females and more markedly in CC than in PM, it also showed a synchronized relation between its mass investment (GSI) and physiological investment (GDS), possibly reflecting an optimum reproductive strategy. Lastly, changes in GSI were not underpinned by changes in local temperature, but rather by regional temperature.

Keywords

Gonad expendituregonadosomatic indexmarine invertebrates of Mexican tropical Pacificreproductive season
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 102 , Issue 1-2 , March 2022 , pp. 99 - 111
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom

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