Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-lnqnp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T19:18:19.992Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Movements and habitat use of bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, in south-eastern Brazil

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 May 2020

Victor Uber Paschoalini Open the ORCID record for Victor Uber Paschoalini [Opens in a new window]  and
Marcos César de Oliveira Santos
Victor Uber Paschoalini*
Affiliation:
Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
Marcos César de Oliveira Santos
Affiliation:
Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
*
Author for correspondence: Victor Uber Paschoalini, E-mail: victor.paschoalini@usp.br
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) have been surveyed for at least two decades on the southern Brazilian coast. However, little is known about their distribution and habitat use in lower latitudes of the South-western Atlantic Ocean. Aiming to study the movements and distribution of the species along the south-eastern Brazilian coast, we made a comparison of photo-identified individuals of the species catalogued in 21 cruises conducted between 2012 and 2015. Additionally, we performed stable isotope analyses of carbon and nitrogen in skin samples (N = 35) to provide some insights of dolphin habitat use and trophic ecology through comparisons among individuals of distinct surveyed sectors (northern and southern) and sex. A total of 177 individuals were identified. Re-sightings (N = 24) occurred at intervals from 82 to 979 days at distances from 7 to 179 km. No individual was sighted in both sectors, suggesting spatial segregation. Isotopic comparisons showed no significant differences in carbon and nitrogen signatures between distinct sectors. However, ecological divergences were found when we divided the samples by gender. Wider isotopic niches were found for the northern bottlenose dolphins vs the southern ones, which could be related to temporal and spatial variation in the availability of resources, as well as possible differences in the home ranges of males and females in each region. This study represents a preliminary evaluation of ecological aspects of bottlenose dolphins along the Brazilian south-eastern coast, however, long-term studies on the feeding ecology and habitat use of this species are important to further improve our knowledge.

Keywords

Cetaceansfeeding ecologymovementsphoto-identificationSouth-western Atlantic Oceanstable isotopesTursiops truncatus
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 100 , Issue 4 , June 2020 , pp. 651 - 662
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ballance, LT (1992) Habitat use patterns and ranges of the bottlenose dolphin in the Gulf of California, Mexico. Marine Mammal Science 8, 262–274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barros, NB and Clarke, MR (2009) Diet. In Perrin, WF, Würsig, B and Thewissen, JGM (eds) Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, pp. 311–316.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bearhop, S, Adams, CE, Waldron, S, Fuller, RA and Macleod, H (2004) Determining trophic niche width: a novel approach using stable isotope analysis. Journal of Animal Ecology 73, 1007–1012.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bearzi, M (2005) Dolphin sympatric ecology. Marine Biology Research 1, 165–175.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Besnard, W (1951) Considerações gerais em torno da região lagunar de Cananéia-Iguape: I. Boletim do Instituto Paulista de Oceanografia 1, 9–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bisi, S, Dorneles, PRD, Lailson-Brito, J, Lepoint, G, Azevedo, AF, Flach, L, Malm, O and Das, K (2013) Trophic relationships and habitat preferences of delphinids from the southeastern Brazilian coast determined by carbon and nitrogen isotope composition. PLoS ONE 8, e82205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Börger, L (2016) Stuck in motion? Reconnecting questions and tools in movement ecology. Journal of Animal Biology 85, 5–10.Google ScholarPubMed
Botta, S, Hohn, AA, Macko, SA and Secchi, ER (2012) Isotopic variation in delphinids from the subtropical western south Atlantic. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 92, 1689–1698.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Browning, NE, McCulloch, SD, Bossart, GD and Worthy, GAJ (2014) Fine-scale population structure of estuarine bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) assessed using stable isotope ratios and fatty acid signature analyses. Marine Biology 161, 1307–1317.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Castro, BM and Miranda, LB (1998) Physical oceanography of the western Atlantic continental shelf located between 4°N and 34°S. In Robinson, AR and Brink, KH (eds), The Sea, Vol. 11. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 209–251.Google Scholar
Castro, BM, Lorenzzetti, JA, Silveira, ICA and Miranda, LB (2006) Estrutura Termohalina e circulação na região entre o Cabo de São Tomé (RJ) e o Chuí (RS). In Rossi-Wongtshowski, CL, Del, B and Madureira, LB (eds), O Ambiente Oceanográfico da Plataforma Continental e Talude na Região Sudeste-sul do Brasil. São Paulo, SP: EDUSP, pp. 11–120.Google Scholar
Castro-Filho, BM, Miranda, LB and Mayo, SY (1987) Condições hidrográficas na plataforma continental ao largo de Ubatuba: variações sazonais e em média escala. Boletim do Instituto Oceanográfico 35, 135–151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caut, S, Laran, S, Garcia-Hartmann, E and Das, K (2011) Stable isotopes of captive cetaceans (killer whales and bottlenose dolphins). Journal of Experimental Biology 214, 538–545.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chouvelon, T, Spitz, J, Caurant, F, Mèndez-Fernandez, P, Chappuis, A, Laugier, F, Le Goff, E and Bustamante, P (2012) Revisiting the use of δ 15N in meso-scale studies of marine food webs by considering spatio-temporal variations in stable isotopic signatures – the case of an open ecosystem: the Bay of Biscay (North-East Atlantic). Progress in Oceanography 101, 92–105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cockcroft, VG and Ross, GJB (1990) Food and feeding of the Indian Ocean bottlenose dolphin off southern Natal, South Africa. In Leatherwood, S and Reeves, RR (eds), The Bottlenose Dolphin. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, pp. 295–308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Connor, RC, Wells, RR, Mann, J and Read, AJ (2000) The bottlenose dolphin: social relationships in a fission-fusion society. In Mann, J, Connor, RC, Tyack, P and Whitehead, H (eds), Cetacean Societies. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, pp. 91–126.Google Scholar
Costa, APB, Fruet, PF, Secchi, ER, Daura-Jorge, FG, Simões-Lopes, PC, Di Tullio, JC and Rosel, PE (2019) Ecological divergence and speciation in common bottlenose dolphins in the western South Atlantic. Journal of Evolutionary Biology. doi: 10.1111/jeb.13575.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Das, K, Lepoint, G, Loizeau, V, Debacker, V, Dauby, P and Bouquegneau, JM (2000) Tuna and dolphin associations in the North-east Atlantic: evidence of different ecological niches from stable isotope and heavy metal measurements. Marine Pollution Bulletin 40, 102–109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daura-Jorge, EG and Simões-Lopes, PC (2016) Mark-recapture vs line-transect abundance estimates of coastal dolphin population: a case study of Tursiops truncatus from Laguna, southern Brasil. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Mammals 11, 133–143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Defran, RH and Weller, D (1999) Occurrence distribution, site fidelity, and school size of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) off San Diego, California. Marine Mammal Science 15, 366–380.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deniro, MJ and Epstein, S (1978) Influence of diet on the distribution of carbon isotopes in animals. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 42, 495–506.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Di Beneditto, AM, Ramos, RMA, Siciliano, S, Santos, RA, Bastos, G and Fagundes-Netto, E (2001) Stomach contents of delphinids from Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil. Aquatic Mammals 21, 24–28.Google Scholar
Durden, WN, O'Corry-Crowe, G, Shippe, S, Jablonski, T, Rodgers, S, Mazzoli, M, Howells, R, Harte, E, Potgieter, B, Londono, C, Moreland, L, Townsend, F, McCulloch, S and Bossart, G (2019) Small-scale movement patterns, activity budgets, and association patterns of radio-tagged Indian river lagoon bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Aquatic Mammals 45, 66–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fernández, RS, Gárcia-Tiscar, MM, Santos, A, López, JA, Martínez-Celdeira, JN and Pierce, GJ (2011) Stable isotope analysis in two sympatric populations of bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus: evidence of resource partitioning? Marine Biology 58, 1043–1055.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Folch, J, Lees, M and Stanley, GHS (1957) A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. Journal of Biological Chemistry 226, 497–509.Google ScholarPubMed
France, RL (1995) Carbon-13 enrichment in benthic compared to planktonic algae: food web implications. Marine Ecology Progress Series 124, 307–312.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fruet, PF, Secchi, ER, Di Tullio, JC and Kinas, PG (2011) Abundance of bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus (Cetacea: Delphinidae), inhabiting the Patos Lagoon estuary, southern Brazil: implications for conservation. Zoologia 28, 23–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fruet, PF, Secchi, ER, Di Tullio, JC, Simões-Lopes, PC, Daura-Jorge, F, Costa, APB, Vermeulen, E, Flores, PAC, Genoves, RC, Laporta, P, Beheregaray, LB and Möller, ML (2017) Genetic divergence between two phenotypically distinct bottlenose dolphin ecotypes suggests separate evolutionary trajectories. Ecology and Evolution 00, 1–13.Google Scholar
Fry, B (2008) Stable Isotope Ecology, 3rd Edn.New York, NY: Springer.Google Scholar
Genoves, RC, Fruet, PF, Di Tullio, J, Möller, LM and Secchi, ER (2018) Spatiotemporal use predicts social partitioning of bottlenose dolphins with strong home range overlap. Ecology and Evolution 8, 12597–12614.Google ScholarPubMed
Giacomo, AB and Ott, PH (2016) Long-term site fidelity and residency patterns of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the Tramandaí Estuary, southern Brazil. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Mammals 11, 155–161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giménez, J, Ramirez, F, Almunia, J, Forero, M and de Stephanis, R (2016) From the pool to the sea: applicable isotope turnover rates and diet to skin discrimination factors for bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 475, 54–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giménez, J, Ramírez, F, Forero, MG, Almunia, J, de Stephanis, R and Navarro, J (2017a) Lipid effects on isotopic values in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and their prey with implications for diet assessment. Marine Biology 164, 122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giménez, J, Marçalo, A, Ramírez, F, Verborgh, P, Gauffier, P, Esteban, R, Nicolau, L, González-Ortegón, E, Baldó, F, Vilas, C, Vingada, J, Forero, MG and de Stephanis, R (2017b) Diet of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the Gulf of Cadiz: insights from stomach content and stable isotope analyses. PLoS ONE 12, e0184673.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giménez, J, Louis, M, Barón, E, Ramírez, F, Verborgh, P, Gauffier, P, Esteban, R, Eljarrat, E, Barceló, D, Forero, MG and de Stephanis, R (2018) Towards the identification of ecological management units: a multidisciplinary approach for the effective management of bottlenose dolphins in the southern Iberian Peninsula. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 28, 205–215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gross, AJ, Kiszka, A, Van Canneyt, O, Richard, P and Ridoux, V (2009) A preliminary study of habitat and resource partitioning among co-occurring tropical dolphins around Mayotte, southwest Indian Ocean. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 84, 367–374.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gygax, L (2002) Evolution of group size in the dolphins and porpoises: interspecific consistency of intraspecific patterns. Behavior Ecology 13, 583–590.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hussey, NE, Macneil, MA, McMeans, BC, Olin, JA, Dudley, SFJ, Cliff, G, Winter, SP, Fenessy, ST and Fisk, AT (2014) Rescaling the trophic structure of marine food webs. Ecology Letters 17, 239–250.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jackson, AL, Inger, R, Parnell, AC and Bearhop, S (2011) Comparing isotopic niche widths among and within communities: SIBER stable isotope Bayesian ellipses in R. Journal of Animal Ecology 80, 595–602.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jaquet, N and Whitehead, J (1996) Ecology and conservation of common bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus in the Mediterranean Sea. Mammal Review 39, 92–123.Google Scholar
Kelly, JF (2000) Stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen in the study of avian and mammalian trophic ecology. Canadian Journal of Zoology 78, 1–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klatsky, LJ, Wells, R and Sweeney, JC (2007) Offshore bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus): movement and dive behavior near the Bermuda Pedestal. Journal of Mammalogy 88, 59–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laporta, P, Fruet, P and Secchi, ER (2016) First estimate of common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) (Cetacea, Delphinidae) abundance off Uruguay Atlantic coast. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Mammals 11, 144–154.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liden, K, Takahashi, C and Nelson, DE (1995) The effects of lipids in stable carbon isotope analysis and the effects of NaOH treatment on the composition of extracted bone collagen. Journal of Archeological Science 22, 321–326.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lodi, L, Domit, C, Laporta, P, Di Tullio, JC, Martins, CCA and Vermeulen, E(2016) Report of the working group on the distribution of Tursiops truncatus in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Mammals 11, 29–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lodi, L and Monteiro-Neto, C (2012) Group size and composition of Tursiops truncatus (Cetacea: Delphinidae) in a coastal insular habitat off southeastern Brazil. Biotemas 25, 157–164.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lodi, L, Wedekin, LL, Rossi-Santos, MR and Marcondes, MC (2008) Movements of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) in the Rio de Janeiro State, southeastern Brazil. Biota Neotropica 8, 205–209.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Louis, M, Simon-Bouhet, B, Viricel, A, Lucas, T, Gally, F, Cherel, Y and Guinet, C (2018) Evaluating the influence of ecology, sex and kinship on the social structure of resident coastal bottlenose dolphins. Marine Biology 165, 80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martínez del Rio, C, Wolf, N, Carleton, SA and Gannes, LZ (2009) Isotopic ecology ten years after a call for more laboratory experiments. Biological Reviews 84, 91–111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matsuura, Y (1996) A probable cause of recruitment failure of the Brazilian sardine Sardinella aurita population during the 1974/75 spawning season. South African Journal of Marine Science 17, 29–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meireles, ACO, Campos, TM, Marcondes, MCC, Groch, KR, Souto, LRA, dos Reis, MSS, Normand, IC, Luna, FOL, Nascimento, LF, Vergara-Parente, JE, Borges, JCG, Jesus, AH, Attademo, FLN and Silva Junior, JM (2016) Reports of strandings and sightings of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in northeastern Brazil and Brazilian oceanic islands. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Mammals 11, 178–190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Melo, CML, Santos, RA, Bassoi, M, Araújo, AC, Lailson-Brito, J, Dorneles, PR and Azevedo, AF (2010) Feeding habits of delphinids (Mammalia: Cetacea) from Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 90, 1509–1515.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Milmann, LC, Danilewicz, D, Baumgarten, J and Ott, PH (2017) Temporal-spatial distribution of an island-based offshore population of common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the equatorial Atlantic. Marine Mammal Science 33, 496–519.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moreno, LB, Ott, PH, Tavares, M, Oliveira, LR, Danilewicz, D, Siciliano, S and Bonnato, SL (2009) Os cetáceos com ênfase no golfinho-nariz-de-garrafa, Tursiops truncatus (Montagu, 1821). In Viana, DL, Hazin, EHV and Souza, MAC (eds), O Arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo: 10 anos de Estação Científica. Brasília, Brazil: SECIRM, pp. 287–294.Google Scholar
Moura, JF, Tavares, DC, Secco, HKC and Siciliano, S (2016) Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus, Montagu 1821) in central-northern coast of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil: stranding patterns and insights into feeding habitats. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Mammals 11), 191–198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nathan, R, Getz, WG, Revilla, E, Holyoak, M, Kadmon, R, Saltz, D and Smouse, PE (2008) A movement ecology paradigm for unifying organismal movement research. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 105, 19052–19059.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Newsome, SD, del Rio, CM, Bearhop, S and Philips, DL (2007) A niche for isotopic ecology. Frontiers in Ecology and Environment 5, 429–436.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newsome, SD, Clementz, MC and Koch, PL (2010) Using stable isotope biogeochemistry to study marine mammal ecology. Marine Mammal Science 26, 509–572.Google Scholar
Norris, KS and Dohl, TP (1980) The structure and functions of cetacean schools in cetacean behavior: mechanisms and functions. In Herman, LM (ed.), Cetacean Behavior: Mechanisms and Functions. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 211–261.Google Scholar
Ott, PH, Barreto, AS, Siciliano, S, Laporta, P, Domit, C, Fruet, PF, Dalla Rosa, L, Santos, MCO, Meireles, AN, Marchesi, MC, Botta, S, de Oliveira, LR, Moreno, LB, Wickert, J, Vermeulen, E, Hoffmann, LS, Baracho, C and Simões-Lopes, PC (2016) Report of the Working Group on taxonomy and stock identity of bottlenose dolphins in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Mammals 11, 16–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Owen, K, Charlton-Robb, K and Thompson, R (2011) Resolving the trophic relations of cryptic species: an example using stable isotope analysis of dolphin teeth. PLoS ONE 6, e16457.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Peterson, BJ and Fry, B (1987) Stable isotopes in ecosystem studies. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 83, 703–718.Google Scholar
Pinnegar, JK and Polunin, NVC (1999) Differential fractionation of delta C-13 and delta N-15 among fish tissue: implications for the study of trophic interactions. Function Ecology 13, 225–231.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Post, DM, Layman, CA, Arrington, DA, Takimoto, G, Quattorchi, J and Montana, CG (2007) Getting to the fat of the matter: models, methods and assumptions for dealing with lipids in stable isotopes analyses. Oecologia 152, 179–189.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
R Development Core Team (2019) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing.Google Scholar
Renaud, PE, Tessmann, M, Evenset, A and Christensen, G (2011) Benthic food web structure of an Artic fjord (Kongsfjorden, Svalbard). Marine Biology Research 7, 13–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Riccialdelli, L and Goodall, N (2015) Intra-specific trophic variation in false killer whales (Pseudorca crassidens) from the southwestern South Atlantic Ocean through stable isotopes analysis. Mammalian Biology 80, 298–302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robinson, KP, O'Brien, JM, Berrow, SD, Cheney, B, Costa, M, Eisfeld, SM, Haberlon, D, Mandleberg, L, O'Donovan, M, Oudejans, MG, Ryan, C, Stevick, PT, Thompson, PM and Whooley, P (2012) Discrete or not so discrete: long distance movements by coastal bottlenose dolphins in UK and Irish waters. Journal of Cetacean Research and Management 12, 365–371.Google Scholar
Rosel, PE (2003) PCR-based sex determination in Odontoceti cetaceans. Conservation and Genetics 4, 647–649.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rossman, S, McCabe, EJB, Barros, NB, Gandhi, H, Ostrom, P, Stricker, CA and Wells, R (2015) Foraging habitats in a generalist predator: sex and age influence habitat selection and resource use among bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Marine Mammal Science 31, 155–168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruiz-Cooley, RI, Engelhaupt, DT and Ortega-Ortiz, JG (2012) Contrasting C and N isotope ratios from sperm whale skin and squid between the Gulf of Mexico and Gulf of California: effect of habitat. Marine Biology 159, 151–164.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Santos, MCO and Gadig, OBF (2009) Evidence of a failed predation attempt on a Guiana dolphin, Sotalia guianensis, by a bull shark, Carcharhinus leucas, in Brazilian waters. Arquivos de Ciências do Mar 42, 93–98.Google Scholar
Santos, MCO and Rosso, S (2008) Social organization of marine tucuxi dolphins, Sotalia guianensis, in the Cananéia estuary of Southeastern Brazil. Journal of Mammalogy 89, 347–355.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Santos, MCO, Rosso, S, dos Santos, RA, Lucat, SHB and Bassoi, M (2002) Insights on small cetacean feeding habits in southeastern Brazil. Aquatic Mammals 28, 38–45.Google Scholar
Santos, MCO, Siciliano, S, Vicente, AFC, Alvarenga, FSA, Zampirolli, E, de Souza, SP and Maranho, A (2010) Cetacean records along São Paulo state coast, Southeastern Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Oceanography 58, 123–142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Santos-Carvalho, M (2015) Trophic niche overlap between sympatric resident and transient populations of bottlenose dolphins in Humboldt current system off north-central Chile. Marine Mammal Science 31, 790–799.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schaeffer-Novelli, Y, de Mesquita, HSL and Cintrón-Molero, G (1990) The Cananéia lagoon estuarine system, São Paulo, Brazil. Estuaries 13, 193–203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Secchi, ER, Botta, S, Wiegand, MM, Lopez, LA, Fruet, PF, Genoves, RC and Di Tullio, JC (2017) Long-term and gender-related variation in the feeding ecology of common bottlenose dolphins inhabiting a subtropical estuary and the adjacent marine coast in western South Atlantic. Marine Biology Research 13, 121–134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shane, SH, Wells, RS and Würsig, B (1986) Ecology, behavior and social-organization of the bottle-nosed-dolphin – a review. Marine Mammal Science 2, 34–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simões-Lopes, PC and Fabian, ME (1999) Residence patterns and site fidelity in bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus (Montagu, 1821) (Cetacea, Delphinidae) off Southern Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 16, 1017–1024.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stern, SJ (2009) Migration and movements patterns. In Perrin, WF, Würsig, B and Thewisen, JGM (eds), Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals, 2nd Edn.San Diego, CA: Academic Press, pp. 726–729.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stewman, J, Debure, K, Hale, S and Russel, A (2006) Interactive 3-D pose correction and content-based image retrieval for dorsal fin recognition. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4141, 648–680.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sulzman, EW (2007) Stable isotope stable isotope chemistry and measurement: a primer. In Michener, RH and Lajtha, K (eds), Stable Isotopes in Ecology and Enviromental Science, 2nd Edn.Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 1–21.Google Scholar
Urian, KW, Hofmann, S, Wells, RS and Read, AJ (2009) Fine-scale population structure of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Tampa Bay, Florida. Marine Mammal Science 25, 619–639.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vander Zanden, MJ and Rasmussen, JB (2001) Variation in δ15N and δ13C trophic fractionation: implications for aquatic food web studies. Limmnology and Oceanography 46, 2061–2066.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vanderklift, MA and Ponsard, S (2003) Sources of variation in consumer-diet δ15N enrichment a meta-analysis. Oecologia 136, 169–182.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wells, RS (2003) Dolphin social complexity: lessons from long-term study and life history. In de Waal, FBM and Tyack, PL (eds), Animal Social Complexity: Inteligence, Culture, and Individualized Societies. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, pp. 32–56.Google Scholar
Wells, RS and Scott, MD (1999) Bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus (Montagu, 1821). In Ridgway, SH and Harrison, R (eds), Handbook of Marine Mammals, vol. 6. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, pp. 137–182.Google Scholar
Wells, RS and Scott, MD (2017) Common bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus. In Perrin, WF, Würsig, B and Thewissen, JGM (eds), Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals, 3rd Edn, San Diego, CA: Academic Press, pp. 249–255.Google Scholar
Wells, RS, Boness, DJ and Rathbun, AB (1999a) Behavior. In Reynolds, JE III and Rommel, SA (eds), Biology of Marine Mammals. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, pp. 324–422.Google Scholar
Wells, RS, Rhinehart, HL, Cunningham, P, Whaley, J, Baran, J, Koberna, C and Costa, DP (1999b) Long distance offshore movements of bottlenose dolphins. Marine Mammal Science 15, 1098–1114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wickert, JC, Von Eye, SM, Oliveira, LR and Moreno, LB (2016) Revalidation of Tursiops gephyreus Lahille, 1908 (Cetartiodactyla: Delphinidae) from the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Mammalogy 97, 1728–1737.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Würsig, B and Jefferson, TA (1990) Methodology of photo-identification for small cetaceans. In Hammond, PS, Mirzoch, SA and Donovan, GP (eds), Individual Recognition of Cetaceans: Use of Photo-Identification and Other Techniques to Estimate Population Parameters. International Whaling Commission . Special issue, 440 pp.Google Scholar
Würsig, B and Würsig, M (1977) The photographic determination of group size, composition, and stability of coastal porpoises (Tursiops truncatus). Science (New York, N.Y.) 198, 755–756.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zerbini, AN, Secchi, ER, Bassoi, M, Dalla-Rosa, L, Higa, A, de Sousa, L, Moreno, IB, Möller, LM and Caon, G (2004) Distribuição e abundância de cetáceos na Zona Econômica Exclusiva da Região Sudeste-Sul do Brazil. Série de Documentos REVIZEE – Score Sul. Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.Google Scholar