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Redescription and resurrection of Pachymatisma normani (Demospongiae: Geodiidae), with remarks on the genus Pachymatisma

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 December 2007

Paco Cárdenas ,
Joana Xavier ,
Ole Secher Tendal ,
Christoffer Schander  and
Hans Tore Rapp
Paco Cárdenas
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen High-Technology Center, PO Box 7800, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
Joana Xavier
Affiliation:
Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94766, 1090 GT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Ole Secher Tendal
Affiliation:
Zoological Museum, SNM, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK - 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
Christoffer Schander
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen High-Technology Center, PO Box 7800, N-5020 Bergen, Norway Centre for Geobiology, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
Hans Tore Rapp
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen High-Technology Center, PO Box 7800, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
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Abstract

An increasing number of cryptic species are being discovered within sponges with assumed wide geographical distribution. Pachymatisma johnstonia (Bowerbank in Johnston, 1842) (Astrophorida: Geodiidae) is one of the most common and known sponges throughout the north-east Atlantic coasts. Pachymatisma normani Sollas, 1888 is a northern species previously synonymized with P. johnstonia by Topsent. It is here redescribed on the basis of fresh material from the type locality, the Korsfjord in the Bergen area (Norway). Spicules are shown to be reliable characters to distinguish the species investigated. Pachymatisma normani is characterized by larger spicules, most markedly in the sterrasters. Our observations also suggest that habitat and gross morphology distinguish P. johnstonia from P. normani. Furthermore, using a partial sequence of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and an ITS1-5.8-ITS2 nuclear fragment, we show that consistent genetic differences exist between the two species. A brief overview of the genus and a key to the known species are also given.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 87 , Issue 6 , December 2007 , pp. 1511 - 1525
Copyright
2007 Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom

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