Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-29T12:04:25.677Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Rediscovery and augmented description of the HMS ‘Challenger’ acorn worm (Hemichordata, Enteropneusta), Glandiceps abyssicola, in the equatorial Atlantic abyss

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2013

Nicholas D. Holland ,
Karen J. Osborn ,
Andrey V. Gebruk  and
Antonina Rogacheva
Nicholas D. Holland*
Affiliation:
Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093USA
Karen J. Osborn
Affiliation:
Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, 20013-7012
Andrey V. Gebruk
Affiliation:
P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
Antonina Rogacheva
Affiliation:
P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: N.D. Holland, Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093USA email: nholland@ucsd.edu
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

A 2009 oceanographic expedition of the Russian Academy of Sciences collected the anterior region of a single acorn worm (phylum Hemichordata, class Enteropneusta) by trawling at a depth of 5560 m in the Romanche Trench (equatorial Atlantic). The specimen was a ripe female with numerous, relatively small oocytes in each ovary. Phylogenetic analysis of rDNA sequences robustly placed the worm in the family Spengelidae. In addition, morphological features of the proboscis, collar, and anterior trunk region indicated that the worm was Glandiceps abyssicola, a species previously represented solely by the holotype, which had been dredged from the equatorial Atlantic in 1873 by the HMS ‘Challenger’ and subsequently sent to Germany for description by Spengel (1893). The holotype was presumably destroyed by World War II bombing; therefore, we here designate the Romanche Trench specimen as the neotype of G. abyssicola and supply an augmented species diagnosis.

Keywords

HemichordataEnteropneustaSpengelidaeGlandiceps abyssicolaneotyperDNA sequencephylogenetic analysishistology
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 93 , Issue 8 , December 2013 , pp. 2197 - 2205
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

An, J.M. and Li, X.Z. (2005) First record of the family Spengeliidae [sic] (Hemichordata: Enteropneusta) from Chinese waters, with description of a new species. Journal of Natural History 39, 1995–2004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, T.J., Przeslawski, R. and Tran, M. (2011) Distribution, abundance and trail characteristics of acorn worms at Australian continental margins. Deep-Sea Research Part II 58, 970–978.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ankel, W.E. (1957) Zur Geschichte der wissenschaftlichen Biologie in Giessen. In Ankel, W.E. (ed.) Universitätsjubiläum, Ludwigs-Universität, Justus-Liebig-Hochschule 1607–1957. Giessen: Töpelmann, pp. 308–340.Google Scholar
Bateson, W. (1885) Note on the later stages in the development of Balanoglossus kowalevskii (Agassiz), and on the affinities of the Enteropneusta. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B 38, 23–30.Google Scholar
Belichov, D.V. (1971) Kishechnodyshashie (Enteropneusta) Kurilo-Kamchatskoj Vpading (Tuskarory), Glossobalanus tuscarorae n. sp. [Enteropneusta from the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench (Tuscarora Deep), Glossobalanus tuscarorae n. sp.]. Voprosy Zoologii, Sbornik 2, Kazanskiy Pedagogicheskiy Institut [Problems in Zoology, Series 2, Kazan Pedagogical University] (61), 3–38.Google Scholar
Benito, J. and Prados, F. (1997) Hemichordata. In Harrison, F.W. and Ruppert, E.E. (eds) Microscopic anatomy of invertebrates. Volume 15, Hemichordata, Chaetognatha, and the invertebrate chordates. New York: Wiley-Liss, pp. 15–101.Google Scholar
Cameron, C.B. and Perez, M. (2012) Spengelidae (Hemichordata: Enteropneusta) from the Eastern Pacific including a new species, Schizocardium californicum, from California. Zootaxa 3569, 79–88.Google Scholar
Cifelli, C. (1967) Age relations of mid-Atlantic ridge sediments. American Association of Petroleum Geolologists Bulletin 51, 458.Google Scholar
Cole, A.G. and Hall, B.K. (2004) The nature and significance of invertebrate cartilages revisited: distribution and histology of cartilage and cartilage-like tissues within the Metazoa. Zoology (Jena) 107, 261–273.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gegenbaur, C. (1870) Grundzüge der vergleichenden Anatomie. 2nd edition. Leipzig: Engelmann.Google Scholar
Hadfield, M.G. (1975) Hemichordata. In Giese, A.C. and Pearse, J.S. (eds) Reproduction in marine invertebrates. Volume 2. New York: Academic Press, pp. 185–240.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harmer, S.F. (1904) Hemichordata. In Harmer, S.F. and Shipley, A.E. (eds) Cambridge natural history. Volume 7. London: Macmillan, pp. 3–34.Google Scholar
Heezen, B.C. and Laughton, A.S. (1963) Abyssal plains. In Hill, M.N. (ed.) The earth beneath the sea: history. Volume 3. New York: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 312–364.Google Scholar
Holland, N.D., Clague, D.A., Gordon, D.P., Gebruk, A., Pawson, D.L. and Vecchione, M. (2005) ‘Lophenteropneust’ hypothesis refuted by collection and photos of new deep-sea hemichordates. Nature 434, 374–376.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Holland, N.D., Jones, W.J., Ellena, J., Ruhl, H.A. and Smith, K.L. (2009) A new deep-sea species of epibenthic acorn worm (Hemichordata, Enteropneusta). Zoosystema 31, 333–346.Google Scholar
Holland, N.D., Kuhnz, L.A. and Osborn, K.J. (2012a) Morphology of a new deep-sea acorn worm (class Enteropneusts, phylum Hemichordata): a part-time demersal drifter with externalized ovaries. Journal of Morphology 273, 661–671.Google Scholar
Holland, N.D., Osborn, K.J. and Kuhnz, L.A. (2012b) A new deep-sea species of harrimaniid enteropneust (Hemichordata). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 125, 228–240.Google Scholar
Horst, C.J. van der (1940) The Enteropneusta from Inyack Island, Delagoa Bay. Annals of the South African Museum 32, 293–380.Google Scholar
Marion, M.A.F. (1886) Etudes zoologiques sur deux espèces d'entéropneustes (Balanoglossus hacksi et Balanoglossus talaboti). Archives de Zoologie Expérimentale et Générale. Série 2. 4, 305–326 + pl. XVI–XVII.Google Scholar
Morozov, E.G., Tarakanov, R.Y., Demidova, T.A. and Zyulyaeva, Y.A. (2010) Measurements of currents in the Kane and Romanche underwater channels during cruise 29 of the research vessel Akademik Ioffe . Oceanology 50, 623–626.Google Scholar
Osborn, K.J., Kuhnz, L.A., Priede, I.J., Urata, M., Gebruk, A.V. and Holland, N.D. (2012) Diversification of acorn worms (Hemichordata, Enteropneusta) revealed in the deep sea. Proceedings of the Royal Society, B 279, 1646–1654.Google ScholarPubMed
Posada, D. (2008) jModelTest: phylogenetic model averaging. Molecular Biology and Evolution 25, 1253–1256.Google Scholar
Priede, I.J., Osborn, K.J., Gebruk, A.V., Jones, D., Shale, D., Rogacheva, A. and Holland, N.D. (2012) Observations on torquaratorid acorn worms (Hemichordata, Enteropneusta) from the North Atlantic with descriptions of a new genus and three new species. Invertebrate Biology 131, 244–257.Google Scholar
Smith, K.L., Holland, N.D. and Ruhl, H.A. (2005) Enteropneust production of spiral fecal trails on the deep-sea floor observed with time-lapse photography. Deep-Sea Research Part I 52, 1228–1240.Google Scholar
Spengel, J.W. (1891) Über die Gattungen der Enteropneusten. Verhandlungen der Deutschen Zoologischen Gesellschaft 1, 47–48.Google Scholar
Spengel, J.W. (1893) Die Enteropneusten des Golfes von Neapel. Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. Herausgegeben von der zoologischen Station zu Neapel. Monographie 18. Berlin: Friedländer, pp. i–xii + 1–756 + pl. I–XXXVII.Google Scholar
Spengel, J.W. (1907) Studien über die Enteropneusten der Siboga-Expedition nebst Beobachtungen an verwandten Arten. Monographie 26, Siboga-Expiditie, uitkomsten op zoologisch, botanisch, oceanographisch en geologisch gebied verzameld in Nederlandisch Oost-Indië 1899–1900. Leiden: Brill, pp. 1–126 + pl. I–XVII.Google Scholar
Spicer, S.S. (1963) Histochemical differentiation of mammalian mucopolysaccharides. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 106, 379–388.Google Scholar
Théel, H. (1882) Report on the Holothuroidea dredged by H.M.S. Challenger—Volume 4, fifth part. Report of the scientific results of the voyage of the H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873–76. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, pp. 1–176 + pl. I–XLVI.Google Scholar
Thomson, C.W. (1875) Dr R. von Willemoes-Suhm. Nature 13, 88–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomson, C.W. and Murray, J. (1885) Narrative—Volume 1, first part. Report of the scientific results of the voyage of the H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873–76. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, pp. v–liv + 1–509.Google Scholar
Urata, M., Iwasaki, S. and Ohtsuka, S. (2012) Biology of the swimming acorn worm Glandiceps hacksi from the Seto Inland Sea of Japan. Zoological Science 29, 305–310.Google Scholar
Willemoes-Suhm, R. von (1871) Biologische Beobachtungen über niedere Meeresthiere, 4. Ueber Balanoglossus kupfferi . Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Zoologie 21, 383–385.Google Scholar
Willey, A. (1898) Spengelia, a new genus of Enteropneusta. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science 40, 623–630.Google Scholar
Willey, A. (1899) Remarks on some recent work on the Protochorda, with a condensed account of some fresh observations on the Enteropneusta. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science 42, 223–244.Google Scholar
Woodwick, K.H. and Sensenbaugh, T. (1985) Saxipendium coronatum, new genus, new species (Hemichordata: Enteropneusta): the unusual spaghetti worms of the Galapagos hydrothermal vents. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 98, 351–365.Google Scholar
Worsaae, K., Sterrer, W., Kaul-Strehlow, S., Hay-Schmidt, A. and Giribet, G. (2012) An anatomical description of a miniaturized acorn worm (Hemichordata, Enteropneusta) with asexual reproduction by paratomy. PLoS ONE 7 (11) e48529.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Young, C.M. (1994) A tale of two dogmas: the early history of deep-sea reproductive biology. In Young, C.M. and Eckelbarger, K.J. (eds) Reproduction, larval biology, and recruitment of the deep-sea benthos. New York: Columbia University Press, pp. 1–25.Google Scholar