Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T17:21:27.607Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Sound and Startle Responses in Herring Shoals

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 May 2009

J. H. S. Blaxter ,
J. A. B. Gray  and
E. J. Denton
J. H. S. Blaxter
Affiliation:
Dunstaffnage Marine Research Laboratory, Oban, Scotland
J. A. B. Gray*
Affiliation:
The Laboratory, Marine Biological Association, Citadel Hill, Plymouth
E. J. Denton
Affiliation:
The Laboratory, Marine Biological Association, Citadel Hill, Plymouth
*
*Member of the external scientific staff of the Medical Research Council.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

The behavioural experiments described in this paper were carried out to complement earlier physiological work on the acoustico-lateralis system of the clupeid fishes. Previous work, summarized by Blaxter, Denton & Gray (1981a), has shown that the sense organs of the clupeid utriculus are highly sensitive to alternating pressures. Since the utriculus signals the polarity and amplitude of each peak in a complex pressure wave form separately, independently of the rate of change of pressure over a range equivalent to a frequency band of 30–800 Hz, it is well suited to give information on brief noises. In the clupeids the lateral line is hydrodynamically connected with the ear and we have suggested that the signals arising from the inner ear and the neuromasts of the lateral line are used in conjunction to provide information about direction and range.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 61 , Issue 4 , November 1981 , pp. 851 - 869
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 1981

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bartelmez, G. W. & Noerr, N. L., 1933. The vestibular club endings in Ameiurus. Further evidence on the morphology of the synapse. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 57, 401–428.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bergeijk, W. A. Van, 1964. Directional and non-directional hearing in fish. In Marine Bio-Acoustics (ed. Tavolga, W. N.), pp. 281–299. Pergamon Press.Google Scholar
Blaxter, J. H. S., Denton, E. J. & Gray, J. A. B., 1981a. Acoustico-lateralis system in clupeid fishes. In Hearing and Sound Communication in Fishes (ed. Fay, R. R., Popper, A. N. and Tavolga, W. N.), pp. 39–60. New York: Springer-Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blaxter, J. H. S., Denton, E. J. & Gray, J. A. B., 1981b. The auditory bullae-swimbladder system in late stage herring larvae. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 61, 315–326.Google Scholar
Blaxter, J. H. S. & Hoss, D. E., 1981. Startle response in herring: the effect of sound stimulus frequency, size of fish and selective interference with the acoustico-lateralis system. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 61, 871–879.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chapman, C. J. & Johnstone, A. D. F., 1974. Some auditory discrimination experiments on marine fish. Journal of Experimental Biology, 61, 521–528.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Denton, E. J. & Gray, J. A. B., 1980. Receptor activity in the utriculus of the sprat. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 60, 717–740.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Denton, E. J., Gray, J. A. B. & Blaxter, J. H. S., 1979. The mechanics of the clupeid acousticolateralis system: frequency responses. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 59, 27–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eaton, R. C. & Bombardieri, R. A., 1978. Behavioural functions of the Mauthner neuron. In Neurobiology of the Mauthner Cell (ed. Faber, D. S. and Korn, H. K.), pp. 221–244. New York: Raven Press.Google Scholar
Eaton, R. C., Bombardieri, R. A. & Meyer, D. L., 1977. The Mauthner-initiated startle response in teleost fish. Journal of Experimental Biology, 66, 65–81.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Enger, P. S., Hawkins, A. D., Sand, O. & Chapman, C. J., 1973. Directional sensitivity of saccular microphonic potentials in the haddock. Journal of Experimental Biology, 59, 425–435.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Faber, D. S. & Korn, H. K., 1978. Electrophysiology of the Mauthner cell: basic properties, synaptic mechanisms, and associated networks. In Neurobiology of the Mauthner Cell (ed. Faber, D. S. and Korn, H. K.), pp. 47–131. New York: Raven Press.Google Scholar
Flock, A., 1971. Sensory transduction in hair cells. In Handbook of Sensory Physiology (ed. Loewenstein, W. R.), pp. 396–441. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Furshpan, E. J. & Furukawa, T., 1962. Intracellular and extracellular responses of the several regions of the Mauthner cell in the goldfish. Journal of Neurophysiology, 25, 732–771.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gray, J. A. B. & Denton, E. J., 1979. The mechanics of the clupeid acoustico-lateralis system: low frequency measurements. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 59, 11–26.Google Scholar
Hawkins, A. D. & Horner, K., 1981. The directional properties of the codfish ear. In Hearing and Sound Communication in Fishes (Fay, R. R., Popper, A. N. and Tavolga, W. N.), pp. 311–328. New York: Springer Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hawkins, A. D. & MacLennon, D. N., 1976. An acoustic tank for hearing studies on fish. In Sound Reception in Fish (ed. A., Schuijf and Hawkins, A. D.), pp. 149–169. Amsterdam: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Hill, K. G., Lewis, D. B., Hutchings, M. E. & Coles, R. B., 1980. Directional hearing in the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). 1. Acoustic properties of the auditory system. Journal of Experimental Biology, 86, 135–151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olsen, K., 1976. Evidence for localization of sound by fish in schools. In Sound Reception in Fish (ed. A., Schuijf and Hawkins, A. D.), pp. 257–270. Amsterdam: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Partridge, B. L., 1981. Lateral line function and the internal dynamics offish schools. In Hearing and Sound Communication in Fishes (ed. Fay, R. R., Popper, A. N. and Tavolga, W. N.), pp. 515–522. New York: Springer Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Partridge, B. L. & Pitcher, T. J., 1980. The sensory basis offish schools; relative roles of lateral line and vision. Journal of Comparative Physiology, 135, 315–325.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pumphrey, R. J., 1940. Hearing in insects. Biological Reviews, 15, 107–132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schuijf, A., 1976. The phase model of directional hearing in fish. In Sound Reception in Fish (ed. A., Schuijf and Hawkins, A. D.), pp. 63–86. Amsterdam: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Wardle, C. S. & Reid, A., 1977. The application of large amplitude elongated body theory to measure swimming power in fish. In Fisheries Mathematics (ed. Steele, J. H.), pp. 171–191. Academic Press.Google Scholar
Webb, P. W., 1980. Does schooling reduce fast-start latencies in teleosts? Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 65A, 231–234.CrossRefGoogle Scholar