Fragmenta graeca in litteris arabicis: 1. Palladios and Aristotle1

R. Walzer

doi:10.1017/S0035869X00089188

Fragmenta graeca in litteris arabicis: 1. Palladios and Aristotle1

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 15 March 2011

R. Walzer

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H. Ritter has referred again to the Arabian manuscript Tübingen Weisweiler, nr. 81, in Islam, 21 (1933), p. 91. It contains the only copy hitherto known of the oldest mystic book on the subject of love, the k. 'aṭf al-alif al-ma'lūf 'alā' l-lām al ma'ṭūf of Abū'l-Ḥasan 'Alī b. Muḥammad al-Dailamī. The year of al-Dailamī's death has hitherto not been established; he was a pupil and the rāwī of the well-known author on mysticism, Abū 'Abdallāh Muhammad b. Khafīf (died 371 h. = a.d. 981), therefore probably one of the older contemporaries of Ibn Sīnä (died 428 h. = a.d. 1037). A year ago, Dr. Arberry kindly drew my attention to the fact that this manuscript contained some quotations of ancient authors which could not be traced and which might be worth considering. The opinions of the astronomers, scientists, and on love are discussed in the first part of the book; the passage on the scientists (32b 7–33b 9) is specially interesting, as it offers two hitherto absolutely unknown fragments, one of the last century of the Alexandrian-Greek literature, the other very probably of a lost dialogue of Aristotle.

Type: Articles
Information: Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society , Volume 71 , Issue 3 , July 1939 , pp. 407 - 422

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0035869X00089188 [Opens in a new window]
Copyright: Copyright © The Royal Asiatic Society 1939

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^{page 407 note 2} Cf. Brockehnann, C., Geschichte der arabischen Litteratur, Erster Supplementband (Leiden, 1937), p. 359 (7b)Google Scholar.

^{page 411 note 1} Cod. Oxoniensis Laud A. 140, fol. 27a 9–b 14:—

This excellent Arabic translation, based on a Greek manuscript about 400 years older than the best preserved one (Vaticanus gr. 1063, s. xiii), has been completely neglected in the new edition of Galen's Commentary by Heeg.

^{page 412 note 1} Isḥaq, Ḥunain ibn, Über die syrischen und arabischen Galenübersetzungen, ed. Bergsträsser, G. (Leipzig, 1925), nr. 91Google Scholar.

^{page 412 note 2} Cf. p. 411, n. 1 and nr. 530 Uri; Diels, H., Die Handschriften der antiken Ärzte I (Abhandlungen der Preuss. Akad. d. Wissenschaften, 1905), p. 108Google Scholar. Steinschneider, M., Die hebräischen Übersetzungen des Mittelalters und die Juden als Dolmetscher (Berlin, 1893)Google Scholar, § 419.

^{page 412 note 3} To be found also in Ibn abī Uṣaibi'a, ii, p. 128, 15, Müller.

^{page 412 note 4} Cf. Ilberg, J., Aus Galens Praxis in “Neue Jahrbücher für das klassische Altertum, etc.”, 15 (1905), p. 289Google Scholar.

^{page 412 note 5} “Soranus,” Vita Hippocratis, p. 176, 4 Ilberg (Corpus Medicorum Graecorum iv).

^{page 412 note 6} The interesting history of this subject in the Greek as well as in the Oriental tradition has been explained by Erwin Rohde in his book on the Greek, novel (Der griechische Roman und seine Vorläufer, p. 55 ss.)Google Scholar, and has been rediscussed by Wellmann, M. (Hermes 35, 1900, p. 380 s.Google Scholar) and Mesk, J. (Rhein. Mus. 68, 1913, 366 ss.)Google Scholar. Erasistratos' method has often been copied in the history of medicine. The great Arabian physician and philosopher Ibn-Sīnā developed the theory and practice of the diagnosis of love from the pulse after the example of Galen and his imitators—such as Stephanos (i, p. 74, Dietz) and, perhaps, Palladios—in the latest period of Greek Alexandria. I do not think that these links between Greek and Arabian medicine have been sufficiently emphasized in the lectures of Browne, E. G. on Arabian Medicine (Cambridge, 1921)Google Scholar, to which I owe my knowledge of the passage of Avicenna (ibid., p. 84 ss.). [See now also Joannides, M. Meyerhof-D., La gynécologie et l'obstétrique chez Avicenne et leurs rapports avec celles des Grecs (Le Caire, Schindler, 1938)Google Scholar.]

^{page 413 note 1} De Hippocratis Epidemiarum libri sexti commentatoribus (Dissert., Koenigsberg, 1908), p. 34 ssGoogle Scholar.

^{page 413 note 2} Cf. Schacht, J., Über den Hellenismus in Baghdad und Cairo im 11. Jahrhundert in ZDMG., 90, 1936, p. 526 ssGoogle Scholar. Meyerhof, M., Une controverse médico-philosphique au Caire en 441 de;'Hégire, 1050 ap. F.-C. in Bulletin de l'Institut d'Égypte, 19, 1937, p. 29 ssGoogle Scholar.Schacht, M. Meyerhof-J., The Medico-Philosophical Controversy between ibn Buṭlān and ibn Riḍwān. A contribution to the History of Greek Learning among the Arabs. (The Egyptian University, The Faculty of Arts, Publication No. 13, Cairo, 1937Google Scholar.)

^{page 413 note 3} Cf. Meyerhof, M., Von Alexandrien nach Bagdad in Sitzungsberichte d. Preuss. Akademie d. Wissensch. Phil.-hist. Klasse, 1930, xxiii, p. 394 ssGoogle Scholar. Walzer, H. Ritter-R., Arabische Übersetzungen griechischer Ärzte in Stambuler Bibliotheken in Sitzungsberichte d. Preuss. Akademie der Wissensch. Phil.-hist. Klasse, 1934, xxvi, p. 820 ssGoogle Scholar.Temkin, O., Geschichte des Hippokratismus im ausgehenden Altertum in Kyklos, iv (Leipzig, 1932), p. 75 ssGoogle Scholar. “Studies on late Alexandrian medicine I: Alexandrian Commentaries on Galen's De sectis ad introducendos” in Bulletin of the Institute of the History of Medicine, iii (Baltimore, 1935), p. 414Google Scholar, n. 42, and elsewhere. Schacht, 1.1., p. 541, n. 2.

^{page 413 note 4} Diels, H., Die Handschriften der antiken Ärzte II (Abhandlungen d. Preuss. Akademie d. Wissenschaften, 1906), p. 76Google Scholar. Rabe, H., Aus Rhetorenhandschriften in Rhein. Mus. f. Phihlogie, 64 (1909), p. 561 sGoogle Scholar. Temkin, O., Studies on late Alexandrian medicine, i (cf. n. 3), p. 406 ssGoogle Scholar.

^{page 414 note 1} Leclerc, Lucien, Histoire de la Medicine Arabe (Paris, 1876), i, 260 ss., 264Google Scholar. Steinschneider, M., Die arabischen Übersetzungen aus dem Griechischen (Leipzig, 1897), p. 121Google Scholar (iii, § 5) Die hebräischen Übersetzungen, etc., p. 782 and n. 138.

^{page 414 note 2} L. Leclerc, loc. laud., i, 253–6. Steinschneider, M., Die arabischen Übersetzungen aus dem Griechischen, iii, §§ 25, 29Google Scholar. Brockelmann, C., Geschichte der arabischen Litteratur, Supplementband i, p. 419Google Scholar (ar-Rāzī).

^{page 414 note 3} Cf. e.g. Stobaios, Floril., iv, 20 H.: ψόγος ᾽ Αϕροδίτης καì τι ϕαûλον ἔρως καì πόσων εἳη κακν γεγονὼς αἴτιος. Avicenna, , Qānün (Rome, 1593), p. 316Google Scholar.

^{page 414 note 4} For kutub al-awā'il cf. Goldziher, P., Stellung der alten islamischen Orthodoxie zu den antiken Wissenschaften (Abhandlungen Preuss. Ak. der Wiss., 1915, Phil.-hist. Klasse nr. 8), p. 3Google Scholar and passim.

^{page 414 note 5} R. Hirzel, i, 309.3, 334, 345.5. See now Jaeger, W., Aristotle: Fundamentals of the History of his Development (Oxford, 1934), p. 116Google Scholar. Greek and Jews in The Journal of Religion, 18, 1938, p. 131 ssGoogle Scholar. Lewy, H., Aristotle and the Jewish sage according to Clearchus of Soli in The Harvard Theological Review, 31, 1938, p. 213Google Scholar.

^{page 415 note 1} Such as the so-called Liber De Pomo, in which Aristotle himself is speaking. Cf. Margoliouth, D. S., The Book of the. Apple ascribed to Aristotle, edited in Persian and English, JRAS., 1892, pp. 187–192, 202 ssGoogle Scholar. Steinschneider, M., Die hebräischen Übersetzungen, etc., § 144Google Scholar. Schirrmacher, F., Die letzten Hohenstaufen (Göttingen, 1871), p. 622 ssGoogle Scholar.

^{page 415 note 2} Cf. infra, p. 420 sq.

^{page 415 note 3} Cf. e.g. al-Qifṭī p. 43, 12, Lippert.

^{page 415 note 4} Diog. Laert., v, 87. Voss, O., De Heraclidis Pontici vita et scriptis (Dissert., Rostock, 1896), pp. 51–4Google Scholar.

^{page 415 note 5} Diog. Laert., r, 43. Usener, H., Analecta Theophrastea (Diss., Bonn, 1858), p. 3Google Scholar = Kleine Schriften, i (Leipzig-Berlin, 1912), p. 53Google Scholar.

^{page 415 note 6} Fragmenta Historicorum Graecorum, ii (Paris, 1848), pp. 313–316Google Scholar, Müller. Cf. Rohde, E., Der griechische Roman und seine Vorläufer, p. 57 ssGoogle Scholar.

^{page 415 note 7} Jaeger, W., Aristoteles, Grundlegung einer Geschichte seiner Entwicklung (Berlin, 1923), p. 54 sGoogle Scholar. (= Engl. transl. [above, p. 414, n. 5], p. 55 s.).

^{page 415 note 8} fr. 8–9, Rose (p. 72 s., Walzer),… ν τοîς διαλόγοις σαϕέστατα κεκραγώς.

^{page 415 note 9} Cf. fr. 78, Rose (= Cicero, Epist. ad Quintum, fr. 3, 5): Aristotelem denique, quae de re publica et praestante viro seribat, ipsum loqui.

^{page 415 note 10} Quite different is Eudemos, fr. 44, Rose (p. 13, 2, Walzer): τί τοûτ'; ἔϕη. Κκεîνος ὑπολαβών … ἔϕη …

^{page 416 note 1} Jaeger, I.I., p. 24 ss. ( = Engl. transl., p. 25 ss.).

^{page 416 note 2} Cf. Jaeger, 1.1., p. 29, n. 1 ( = Engl. transl., p. 29, n. 1).

^{page 416 note 3} Eth. Eud., A 4, 1215b, 6: 'Αναξαγόρας μν Κλαζομέιος ρωτηθες τίς εὐδαιμονέστατος “οὐθείς” “ὧν σὺ νομίζεις … ibid., A 5, 1216a, 11: τν μν οὖν ‘Αναξαγόραν ϕασν ποκρίνασθαι πρός τινα διαποροûντα τοιαûτ’ ἄττα κα διερωτντα.Protrept., 11, p. 49, Walzer ( = Iambi., Protr… Pist.): Pythagoras, Anaxagoras.

^{page 416 note 4} Cf. p. 414, n. 1.

^{page 416 note 5} Bechtel, P., Die historischen Personennamen des Griechischen (Halle, 1917), p. 228Google Scholar.

^{page 416 note 6} Athen., ix, 399a, is an epic fragment of the 'Ατρειδν Κάθοδος, omitted by Kinkel.

^{page 416 note 7} Inscriptions Graecae, iv, 2 (Argolis, secunda editio, ed. Gärtringen, F. Hiller von, 1929), nr. 96Google Scholar.

^{page 417 note 1} Diog. Laert., iii, 31.

^{page 417 note 2} Academicorum philosophorum index Herculanensis, ed. Mekler, S. (Berlin, 1902)Google Scholar.

^{page 417 note 3} Ind. acad. Hercul., col. iii, p. 13.

^{page 417 note 4} Cf. Wilamowitz-Möllendorf, U. v., Aristoleles und Athen (Berlin, 1893), vol. ii, p. 25 sGoogle Scholar. Plato i ² (Berlin, 1920), p. 661 sGoogle Scholar.

^{page 417 note 5} Cf. Wilamowitz, loc. laud. Kirsten, B., Die Insel Kreta in vier Jahrtausenden (Die Antike 14, 1938, p. 295 ssGoogle Scholar.). The Geschickte Kretas vom Ausgang der minoischen Zeit bis auf die Alexanderzeit, by the same author (cf. Gnomon, , 13, 1937, 514)Google Scholar, has not yet been published.

^{page 417 note 6} Cf. e.g. Jaeger, 1.1., p. 46 ( = Engl. transl., p. 47 s.). Cherniss, H., Aristotle's Criticism of Presocratic Philosophy (Baltimore, 1935), p. 339 ssGoogle Scholar.

^{page 418 note 1} Cf. Tim., 70a-c.

^{page 418 note 2} Cf. e.g. Bonitz, , Index Aristoteliens, s.v. καρδία, p. 365 iGoogle Scholar.

^{page 418 note 3} Cf. Plutarch, ῍Οτι οὐ κρίσις ἔρως ap. Stob., Flor. iv, 20, 67 H. ( = vii, 132, 15 ss. Bernard.): οἱ μν γρ νόσον τν ρωτα (cf. supra, p. 414, n. 3), οἱ δ πιθυμίαν, οἱ δ μανίαν, οἱ δ θεîόν τι κίνημα ψυΧς κα δαιμόνιον, οἱ δ ἄντικρυς θεν ναγορεύουσιν. θεν ρθς νίοις ἔδοξ τ μν πιθυμίανρΧόμενον εἶναι, τ δ' ὑπερβάλλον μανίαν κτλ.

^{page 418 note 4} Jaeger, 1.1., p. 237 ss. (= Engl. transl., p. 228 ss.).

^{page 418 note 6} Philodem, Voll. Rhet. ii, p. 57Google Scholar, col. 41, 12 ss., Bignone, Sudhaus. E., L'Aristotele perduto e la formazione filosofica di Epicuro (Firenze, 1936), vol. ii, p. 90 ssGoogle Scholar.

^{page 418 note 6} Walzer, R., Magna Moralia und aristotelische Ethik = Neue philologische Untersuchungen, herausg. von W. Jaeger, vii (Berlin, 1929), p. 241 sGoogle Scholar.

^{page 419 note 1} Jaeger, 1.1., p. 241 ss. ( = Engl. transl., p. 246 ss.).

^{page 419 note 2} Jaeger, , cf. n. 1. Aristotelis Dialogorum Fragmenta, p. 41 WGoogle Scholar.

^{page 420 note 1} Rose, V., Aristoteles Pseudepigraphus (Leipzig, 1863), p. 105Google Scholar.Bernays, J., Die Dialoge des Aristoteles (Berlin, 1863), p. 132Google Scholar.

^{page 420 note 2} Hermes 35, 1900, p. 533.

^{page 420 note 3} Aristonstudien, Philologus, , Supplementband 11 (1910), pp. 483–610Google Scholar.

^{page 422 note 1} Hieronymus, , Ad. Jovin., i, 47Google Scholar. Bickel, E., Diatribe in Senecae philosophi fragmenta (Leipzig, 1915), 388, 11 ss.Google Scholar

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