Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T09:45:23.408Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Reminiscence, Reflections, and Resonance: The Just Intonation Resophonic Guitar and Lou Harrison's Scenes from Nek Chand

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 May 2012

GIACOMO FIORE*
Affiliation:
gf@giacomofiore.com

Abstract

Upon accepting a commission for a solo guitar piece from the 2002 Open Minds Music Festival in San Francisco, Lou Harrison decided to write Scenes from Nek Chand for a unique instrument: a resonator guitar refretted in just intonation. Harrison's last completed work draws inspiration from the sound of Hawaiian music that the composer remembered hearing in his youth, as well as from the artwork populating Nek Chand's Rock Garden of Chandigarh, India.

Based on archival research, oral histories, and the author's insights as a performer of contemporary music, this article examines the piece's inception, outlining the organological evolution of resophonic guitars and their relationship to Hawaiian music. It addresses the practical and aesthetic implications of the composer's choice of tuning, and examines the work of additional artists, such as Terry Riley and Larry Polansky, who have contributed to the growing repertoire for the just intonation resophonic guitar.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for American Music 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Primary Sources and Archival Material

Alves, Bill. Interview by the author. Digital recording. Santa Cruz, CA, 25 April 2010.Google Scholar
Aminikia, Sahba. Personal communication with the author. San Francisco, CA, 28 August 2010.Google Scholar
Bogdanowitsch, Sasha. Personal communication with the author. Los Angeles, CA, 13 September 2010.Google Scholar
Eister, Garry. Personal communication with the author. Arroyo Grande, CA, 28 October 2010.Google Scholar
Harrison, Lou. Serenado Por Gitaro, (1952). Lou Harrison Music Manuscripts. MS 132, ser.1. Special Collections and Archives, McHenry Library, University of California, Santa Cruz.Google Scholar
Harrison, Lou. Scenes from Nek Chand, (2002). Lou Harrison Music Manuscripts. MS 132, ser.1. Special Collections and Archives, McHenry Library, University of California, Santa Cruz.Google Scholar
Harrison, Lou. Scenes from Nek Chand. Edited by Schneider, John. Lebanon, NH: Frog Peak Music, 2005.Google Scholar
Harrison, Lou. Interview by John Schneider. Transcription by the author. Joshua Tree, CA, 2002. Special Collections and Archives, McHenry Library, University of California, Santa Cruz.Google Scholar
Miller, Leta. Personal communication with the author. Santa Cruz, CA, 17 February 2010.Google Scholar
Richter, Scott. Personal communication with the author. Fairfax, CA, 3 September 2010.Google Scholar
Riley, Gyan. Personal communication with the author. Berkeley, CA, 17 March 2010.Google Scholar
Schneider, John. Telephone interview by the author. Digital recording, 4 April 2010.Google Scholar
Tanenbaum, David. Personal communication with the author. San Francisco, CA, 7 February 2010.Google Scholar
Yates, Peter. Personal communication with the author. Los Angeles, CA, 28 October 2010.Google Scholar
Young, Don. Telephone interview by the author. Digital recording, 28 May 2010.Google Scholar

Secondary Sources

Alves, Bill. “The Tuning of Lou Harrison's National Steel Guitar.” Bill Alves. www.billalves.com/porgitaro/nationalsteeltuning.html.Google Scholar
Brozman, Bob, Dopyera, John, Smith, Richard A, and Atkinson, Gary. The History & Artistry of National Resonator Instruments. Fullerton, CA: Centerstream Publishing, 1993.Google Scholar
Corona-Alcalde, Antonio. “‘You Will Raise a Little Your 4th Fret’: An Equivocal Instruction by Luis Milan?The Galpin Society Journal 44 (1991): 245.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davies, Hugh. “Hawaiian guitar.” In Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online, www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/49165.Google Scholar
Davies, Hugh and Bacon, Tony. “Resonator guitar.” In Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online, www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/49164.Google Scholar
Dopyera, John. 1928. Design for a Guitar. U.S. Patent D76382, filed 12 March 1928 and granted 25 September 1928. Google Patents, www.google.com/patents?id=ARBrAAAAEBAJ.Google Scholar
Dopyera, John. 1929. Stringed Musical Instrument. U.S. Patent 1,741,453, filed 9 April 1927 and granted 31 December 1929. Google Patents, www.google.com/patents?id=AiVCAAAAEBAJ.Google Scholar
Dopyera, John. 1930. Stringed Musical Instrument. U.S. Patent 1,762,617, filed 12 October 1926 and granted 10 June 1930. Google Patents, www.google.com/patents?id=9b54AAAAEBAJ.Google Scholar
Doty, David. The Just Intonation Primer. San Francisco, CA: Just Intonation Network, 1993.Google Scholar
Doty, David. National Reso-phonic Just Intonation Guitar Chord Atlas. 2006. www.dbdoty.com/ChordAtlas.pdf.Google Scholar
Freis, Wolfgang. “Perfecting the Perfect Instrument: Fray Juan Bermudo on the Tuning and Temperament of the ‘Vihuela de Mano.’Early Music 23/3 (1995): 421–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gilmore, Bob. Harry Partch: A Biography. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Harrison, Lou. Music Primer. New York: Da Capo Press, 1973.Google Scholar
Hood, Mantle. “Musical Ornamentation as History: The Hawaiian Steel Guitar.” Yearbook for Traditional Music 15 (1983): 141–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, Iain. “Politicised Territory: Nek Chand's Rock Garden in Chandigarh.” Global Built Environment Review 2/2 (2002): 5168.Google Scholar
Kassell, Richard. Harry Partch: Barstow—Eight Hitchhiker Inscriptions from a Highway Railing at Barstow, California [1968 Version]. Music of the United States of America, 9. Madison, WI: A-R Editions, 2000.Google Scholar
Levy, Beth. Program Notes to Things Fall from the Sky. San Francisco: San Francisco Contemporary Music Players, 23 February 2009. www.sfcmp.org/programnotes/09_Feb_SFCMP_Program_Notes.pdf.Google Scholar
Lindley, Mark. Lutes, Viols, and Temperaments. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.Google Scholar
Lindley, Mark. “Just intonation.” In Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online, www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/14564.Google Scholar
Maizels, John. Raw Creation: Outsider Art and Beyond. London: Phaidon Press, 1996.Google Scholar
Miller, Leta and Cohen, Albert. Music in the Royal Society of London, 1660–1806. Detroit, MI: Detroit Studies in Music Bibliography, 1987.Google Scholar
Miller, Leta, ed. Lou Harrison: Selected Keyboard and Chamber Music, 1937–1994. Music in the United States of America, 8. Madison, WI: A-R Editions, 1998.Google Scholar
Miller, Leta and Lieberman, Fredric. Composing a World: Lou Harrison, Musical Wayfarer. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2004.Google Scholar
Miller, Leta and Lieberman, Fredric. Lou Harrison. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2006.Google Scholar
“Nek Chand: Rock Garden Jubilee.” Raw Vision 35 (2001): 2231.Google Scholar
Noe, George T. and Most, Daniel L.. Chris J. Knutsen: From Harp Guitars to the New Hawaiian Family: History and Development of the Hawaiian Steel Guitar. Everett, WA: Noe Enterprises, 1999.Google Scholar
Partch, Harry. Genesis of a Music. New York: Da Capo Press, 1947.Google Scholar
Ruymar, Lorene. The Hawaiian Steel Guitar and its Great Hawaiian Musicians. Anaheim Hills, CA: Centerstream Publishing, 1996.Google Scholar
Salmon, Tho[mas]. “The Theory of Musick reduced to Arithmetical and Geometrical Proportions.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 24/302 (1705): [page numbering irregular; consecutive pages numbered 2072, 2069, 2041, 2080, 2076, 2073, 2077.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schneider, John. “Just Guitar.” Guitar International 6 (2004): 4250.Google Scholar
Schneider, John. Notes to Scenes from Nek Chand, by Harrison, Lou. Lebanon, NH: Frog Peak Music, 2005.Google Scholar
Slye, William. Just Intonation Realization. Senior Thesis, BA in Music, University of California, Santa Cruz, 2000.Google Scholar
Stone, Thomas. Fretted Musical Instrument with Detachable Fingerboards for Providing Multiple Tonal Scales. U.S. Patent 4,132,143, filed 6 January 1977 and issued 2 January 1979. Google Patents, www.google.com/patents?id=Jcg0AAAAEBAJ.Google Scholar
Tanenbaum, David. Program Notes to David Tanenbaum and Friends. San Francisco: San Francisco Conservatory of Music, 11 October 2008.Google Scholar

Discography

Harrison, Lou.Tanenbaum, David, guitar, with Gyan Riley, guitar, and William Winant, percussion. Serenado. San Francisco: New Albion Records 123, 2003.Google Scholar
Harrison, Lou. Riley, Terry, Scholz, Carter, Schneider, John et al. , guitar. Just Guitars. New York: Bridge Records 9132, 2003.Google Scholar
Harrison, Lou. Schneider, John, guitars. Por Gitaro. New York: Mode Records 195, 2008.Google Scholar
Harrison, Lou, Britten, Benjamin, Takemitsu, Toru, and Tippet, Michael. Fiore, Giacomo, guitar. Colors: Modern Music for Guitar. San Francisco: GFCD, 2011.Google Scholar