Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T17:00:58.246Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Seed dispersal and predation in two populations of Cabralea canjerana (Meliaceae) in the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

Marco Aurélio Pizo
Marco Aurélio Pizo
Affiliation:
Departamento de Zoologia, I.B., CP 6109, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The seed dispersal system of a neotropical tree, Cabralea canjerana (Meliaceae), was studied in two forested areas in southeastern Brazil. The first study site, Parque Estadual Intervales (PEI), is a 49,000-ha reserve composed mostly of old-growth Atlantic rain forest. The second site, Mata de Santa Genebra (MSG), is a 250-ha fragment of old-secondary semideciduous forest whose present bird fauna differs markedly from the original, in part as a consequence of forest fragmentation. At PEI 35 bird species ate the diaspores of C. canjerana. Black-tailed tityra (Tityra cayana, Tyrannidae) was the main seed disperser, but several other species were also important seed dispersers. In contrast, at MSG C. canjerana diaspores were eaten by 14 bird species. At this area, the red-eyed vireo (Vireo olivaceus, Vireonidae) was the most important seed disperser, but it was also a ‘waster’ which dropped seeds beneath parent plants, or carried them to sites unsuitable for germination. At PEI, exposed seeds on the forest floor were heavily preyed upon by rodents and insects. Insects destroyed mainly seeds deposited near to parent plants. Insect predation was less intense at MSG than at PEI. The rodent density at MSG was unusually small, and part of the post-dispersal seed predation may be done by terrestrial birds, such as doves and tinamous, which are especially common at MSG. Some of the differences recorded between the seed dispersal systems of C. canjerana at PEI and MSG may have been the result of the fragmentation and isolation of the latter area.

Keywords

Atlantic forestBrazilCabraleaforest fragmentationMeliaceaeornithochoryseed dispersalseed predation
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Tropical Ecology , Volume 13 , Issue 4 , July 1997 , pp. 559 - 577
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1997

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

LITERATURE CITED

Aleixo, A. & Vielliard, J. 1995. Composição e dinâmicada avifauna da Mata de Santa Genebra. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 12:493–511.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blake, J. G. & Loiselle, B. A. 1992. Fruits in the diets of neotropical birds in Costa Rica. Biotropica 24:200–210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chiarello, A. G. & Galetti, M. 1994. Conservation of the brown howler monkey in south-east Brazil. Oryx 28:37–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, D. B. 1996. Abolishing virginity. Journal of Tropical Ecology 12:735–739.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coates Estrada, R. & Estrada, A. 1986. Fruiting and frugivores at a strangler fig in the tropical rain forest of Los Tuxtlas, Mexico. Journal of Tropical Ecology 2:349–357.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coates Estrada, R. & Estrada, A. 1988. Frugivory and seed dispersal in Cymbopetalum baillonii (Annonaceae) at Los Tuxtlas, Mexico. Journal of Tropical Ecology 4:157–172.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Érard, C. & Sabatier, D. 1986. Role des oiseaux frugivores terrestres dans la dynamic forestiere en Guyane française. Pp. 803–815 in Ouellet, H. (ed.). Acta XIX Congressus Internationalis Ornithologici. University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.Google Scholar
Fleming, T. H. & Williams, C. F. 1990. Phenology, seed dispersal and recruitment in Cecropia peltata (Moraceae) in a Costa Rican tropical dry forest. Journal of Tropical Ecology 6:163–168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fonseca, G. A. B. & Robinson, J. G. 1990. Forest size and structure: competitive and predatory effects on small mammal communities. Biological Conservation 53:265–294.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Galetti, M. 1993. Diet of the scaly-headed parrot (Pionus maximiliani) in a semideciduous forest in southeast Brazil. Biotropica 25:419–425.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Galetti, M. & Pedroni, F. 1994. Seasonal diet of capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) in a semideciduous forest in south-east Brazil. Journal of Tropical Ecology 10:27–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Galetti, M., Pedroni, F. & Morellato, L. P. C. 1994. Diet of the brown howler monkey Alouatta fusca in a forest fragment in southeastern Brazil. Mammalia 58:111–118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Galetti, M. & Morellato, L. P. C. 1994. Diet of the large fruit-eating bat (Artibeus lituratus) in a forest fragment in Brazil. Mammalia 58:661–665.Google Scholar
Greenberg, R., Foster, M. S. & Marquez-Vadelamar, L. 1995. The role of the white-eyed vireo in the dispersal of Bursera fruit on the Yucatan Peninsula. Journal of Tropical Ecology 11:619–639.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guitián, J., Fuentes, M., Bermejo, T. & López, B. 1992. Spatial variation in the interactions between Prunus mahaleb and frugivorous birds. Oikos 63:125–130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
IIIHagan, J. M. & Johnston, D. W. (eds). 1992. Ecology and conservation of neotropical migrant landbirds. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, USA. 609 pp.Google Scholar
Herrera, C. M. & Jordano, P. 1981. Prunus mahaleb and birds: the high-efficiency seed dispersal system of a temperate fruiting tree. Ecological Monographs 51:203–218.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoppes, W. G. 1987. Pre- and post-foraging movements of frugivorous birds in an eastern deciduous forest woodland, USA. Oikos 49:281–290.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howe, H. F. 1984. Implications of seed dispersal by animals for tropical reserve management. Biological Conservation 30:261–281.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howe, H. F. & Vande Kerckhove, G. A. 1979. Fecundity and seed dispersal of a tropical tree. Ecology 60:180–189.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howe, H. F., Schupp, E. W. & Westley, L. C. 1985. Early consequences of seed dispersal for a neotropical tree (Virola surinamensis). Ecology 66:781–791.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Izhaki, I., Walton, P. B. & Safriel, U. N. 1991. Seed shadows generated by frugivorous birds in an eastern Mediterranean shrub. Journal of Ecology 79:575–590.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Janzen, D. H. 1972. Escape in space by Sterculia apetala seeds from the bug Disdercus fasciatus in a Costa Rican deciduous forest. Ecology 53:350–361.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Janzen, D. H. 1983. No park is an island: increase in interference from outside as park size decreases. Oikos 41:402–410.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, R. A., Willson, M. F. & Thompson, J. N. 1985. Nutritional values of wild fruits and consumption by migrant frugivorous birds. Ecology 66:819–827.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jordano, P. 1982. Migrant birds are the main seed dispersers of blackberries in southern Spain. Oikos 38:183–193.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jordano, P. 1993a. Geographical ecology and variation of plant-seed disperser interactions: southern Spanish junipers and frugivorous thrushes. Vegetatio 107/108:85–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jordano, P. 1993b. Fruits and frugivory. Pp. 105–156 in Fenner, M. (ed.). Seeds: the ecology of regeneration in plant communities. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.Google Scholar
Jordano, P. 1995. Spatial and temporal variation in the avian-frugivore assemblage of Prunus mahaleb: patterns and consequences. Oikos 71:479–491.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keeler-Wolf, T. 1988. Fruit and consumer differences in three species of trees shared by Trinidad and Tobago. Biotropica 20:38–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lambert, F. R. 1989. Pigeons as seed predators and dispersers of figs in a Malaysian lowland forest. Ibis 131:521–527.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leitão-Filho, H. F. & Morellato, L. P. C. 1994. Semideciduous forests of southeastern Brazil. In Heywood, V. H. (ed.). Center of plant diversities: a guide and strategy far their conservation. UCN/WWF, Washington, DC, USA.Google Scholar
Levey, D. J. 1987. Seed size and fruit-handling techniques of avian frugivores. American Naturalist 129:471–485.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, T. E. 1985. Resource selection by tropical frugivorous birds: integrating multiple interactions. Oecologia 66:563–573.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Martin, T. E. & Karr, J. R. 1986. Temporal dynamics of neotropical birds with special reference to frugivorous in second-growth woods. Wilson Bulletin 98:38–60.Google Scholar
Mtttelbach, G. G. & Gross, K. L. 1984. Experimental studies of seed predation in old-fields. Oecologia 65:7–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morellato, L. P. C. 1991. Estudo da fenologia de árvores, arbustos e lianas de uma floresta semidecídua no sudeste do Brasil. PhD thesis, UNICAMP, Campinas-SP, Brazil.Google Scholar
Olmos, F. 1991. Observations on the behavior and population dynamics of some Brazilian Atlantic forest rodents. Mammalia 55:555–565.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pennington, T. D. 1981. Meliaceae. Flora Neotropica Monographs 28:234–242.Google Scholar
Perry, A. E. & Fleming, T. H. 1980. Ant and rodent predation on small animal-dispersed seeds in a dry forest. Brenesia 17:11–22.Google Scholar
Pizo, M. A. 1994. Estudo comparado da dispersāo e predação de sementes de Cabralea canjerana (Meliaceae) em duos áreas de mata do Estado de Sāo Paulo. Master thesis. UNICAMP, Campinas-SP, Brazil.Google Scholar
Pudlo, R. J., Beattte, A. J. & Culver, D. C. 1980. Populations consequences of changes in an ant-seed mutualism in Sanguinaria canadensis. Oecologia 46:32–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramírez, N. & Arroyo, M. K. 1987. Variación espacial y temporal en la depredación de semillas de Copaifera pubiflora Benth. (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae) en Venezuela. Biotropica 19:32–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ridgely, R. S. & Tudor, G. 1989. The birds of South America, the oscine passerines. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press, Oxford. 516 pp.Google Scholar
Ridgely, R. S. & Tudor, G. 1994. The birds of South America, the subosdne passerines. Vol. 2. Oxford University Press, Oxford. 814 pp.Google Scholar
Rodrigues, M., Machado, C. G., Alvares, S. M. R. & Galetti, M. 1994. Association of black-goggled tanagers (Trichothraupis melanops) with flushers. Biotropica 26:472–475.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sallabanks, R. & Courtney, S. P. 1993. On fruit-frugivore relationships: variety is the spice of life. Oikos 68:567–570.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sazima, I., Fischer, W. A., Sazima, M. & Fischer, E. A. 1994. The fruit bat Artibeus lituratus as a forest and city dweller. Ciência e Cultura 46:164–168.Google Scholar
Schupp, E. W. 1990. Annual variation in seedfall, postdispersal predation, and recruitment of a neotropical tree. Ecology 71:504–515.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schupp, E. W. 1993. Quantity, quality and the effectiveness of seed dispersal. Vegetatio 107/108:15–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stiles, E. W. 1993. The influence of pulp lipids on fruit preference by birds. Vegetatio 107/108:227–235.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Terborgh, J. & Wright, S. J. 1994. Effects of mammalian herbivores on plant recruitment in two neotropical forests. Ecology 75:1829–1833.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Terborgh, J., Losos, E., Riley, M. P. & Riley, M. B. 1993. Predation by vertebrates and invertebrates on the seeds of five canopy tree species of an Amazonian forest. Vegelatio 107/108:375–386.Google Scholar
Trainer, J. M. & Will, T. C. 1984. Avian methods of feeding on Bursera simaruba (Burseraceae) fruits in Panama. Auk 101:193–195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Traveset, A. 1990. Post-dispersal predation of Acacia famesiana seeds by Stator vachelliae (Bruchidae) in Central America. Oecologia 84:506–512.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Traveset, A. 1994. Influence of type of avian frugivory on the fitness of Pistacia terebinthus L. Evolutionary Ecology 8:618–627.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whelan, C. J., Willson, M. F., Tuma, C. A. & Souza-Pinto, I. 1991. Spatial and temporal patterns of postdispersal seed predation. Canadian Journal of Botany 69:428–436.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whittaker, R. J. & Turner, B. D. 1994. Dispersal, fruit utilization and seed predation of Dysoxylum gaudichaudianum in early successional rainforest, Krakatau, Indonesia. Journal of Tropical Ecology 10:167–181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilcove, D. S., Mclellan, C. H. & Dobson, A. P. 1986. Habitat fragmentation in the temperate zone. Pp. 237–256 in Soulé, M. E. (ed.). Conservation biology: the science of scarcity and diversity. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachussets, USA. 584 pp.Google Scholar
Willis, E. O. 1979. The composition of avian communities in remanescent woodlots in southern Brazil. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 33:1–25.Google Scholar
Willson, M. F. & Whelan, C. J. 1990. Variation in postdispersal survival of vertebrate-dispersed seeds: effects of density, habitat, location, season, and species. Oikos 57:191–198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zar, J. H. 1984. Biostatistical analysis. Prentice-Hall International Editions, London, UK. 718 pp.Google Scholar