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Effects of forest age on fruit composition and removal in tropical bird-dispersed understorey trees

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 September 2009

Heather A. Lumpkin  and
W. Alice Boyle
Heather A. Lumpkin*
Affiliation:
Department of Life Sciences, Bethel College, 1001 W. McKinley Ave. Mishawaka, IN 46545, USA
W. Alice Boyle
Affiliation:
University of Western Ontario, Department of Biology, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
*
1Corresponding author. Current address: Department of Zoology, Birge Hall, University of Wisconsin, 430 Lincoln Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA. Email: hlumpkin@wisc.edu
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Abstract:

Little is known about how land-use changes affect interspecific interactions such as fruit–frugivore mutualisms. Forest age could affect both fruit sugar concentrations via differences in light availability or disperser abundance, and fruit removal rates via differences in bird and plant community composition. We examined how these two factors are affected by forest age in a Costa Rican rain forest. We compared seven young-secondary forest species, seven old-growth forest species, and Miconia nervosa growing in both forests. We measured sugar concentrations in fruits and manipulated the location of paired fruiting branches, measuring subsequent fruit removal. Sugar concentration means were on average 2.1 percentage points higher in young-secondary forest species than in old-growth forest species, but did not differ among Miconia nervosa fruits from the two forests. Fruit removal rates were higher in young-secondary forest for 86% of young-secondary forest species, 71% of old-growth forest species, and on average for both young-secondary and old-growth forest Miconia nervosa individuals. Higher sugar concentrations in young-secondary forest plants could reflect stronger competition for dispersers, while experimental fruit removal results suggests the opposite patterns of competition; fruits are more likely to be removed by dispersers in young-secondary forest independent of fruit nutrient concentration.

Keywords

birdsCosta Ricafrugivoryfruit removalfruit sugar concentrationLa Selva Biological Stationold-growth forestsecondary forest
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Tropical Ecology , Volume 25 , Issue 5 , September 2009 , pp. 515 - 522
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2009

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