Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-29T10:16:10.024Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Sandfly stratification on tree buttresses in a Costa Rican tropical rainforest

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

Jane Memmott  and
Stephen L. Sutton
Jane Memmott*
Affiliation:
Department of Pure & Applied Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT
Stephen L. Sutton
Affiliation:
Department of Pure & Applied Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT
*
1Centre for Population Biology, Imperial College at Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

In humid forests tree buttresses and tree trunks are used as diurnal resting sites by phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae). When several species are present on the same buttress, the sandfly species are spatially segregated resulting in a pattern of vertical stratification on the buttress within 100 cm of ground level. A change in the distribution of one species induces a change in the distribution of an adjacent species. This is demonstrated under both natural and experimental conditions. Observations of sandflies at dawn and dusk have revealed that the buttress is used as a swarming site; this behaviour provides our favoured explanation for the patterns of vertical stratification on tree buttresses.

Keywords

buttressCosta Ricadistributioninsectphlebotominesandflystratificationtreetropical rainforest
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Tropical Ecology , Volume 10 , Issue 1 , February 1994 , pp. 87 - 101
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1994

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

LITERATURE CITED

Bates, M. 1947. The stratification of mosquitoes in cages. Ecology 28:80–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chaniotis, B. N. 1975. A new method for rearing Lutzomyia trapidoi (Diptera: Psychodidae), with observations on its development and behaviour in the laboratory. Journal of Medical Entomology 12:183–188.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chaniotis, B. N., Correa, M. A., Tesh, R. B. & Johnson, K. M. 1974. Horizontal and vertical movements of phlebotomine sandflies in a Panamanian rain forest. Journal of Medical Entomology 11:365–369.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chaniotis, B. N., Tesh, R. B., Correa, M. A. & Johnson, K. M. 1972. Diurnal resting places of phlebotomine sandflies in a Panamanian tropical forest. Journal of Medical Entomology 9:91–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Christensen, H. A., Fairchild, G. B., Herrer, A., Johnson, C. M., Young, D. G. & Vasquez, A. M. 1983. The ecology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Republic of Panama. Journal of Medical Entomology 20:463–484.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Christensen, H. A. & Vasquez, A. M. 1982. The tree buttress biotype: a pathobiocenose of Leishmania braziliensis. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 31:243–251.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Disney, R. H. L. 1968. Observations on a zoonosis: Leishmaniasis in British Honduras. Journal of Applied Ecology 5:1–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Downes, J. A. 1969. Observations on the swarming and mating of Diptera. Annual Review of Entomology 14:271–298.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibson, N. H. E. 1945. On the mating swarms of certain Chironomidae (Diptera). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 95:263–294.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haddow, A. J., Corbet, P. S. & Gillett, J. D. 1961. Entomological studies from a high tower in Mpanga Forest, Uganda. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 113:249–362.Google Scholar
Holdridge, L. R., Grenke, W. C., Hatheway, W. H., Liang, T. & Tosi, J. A. Jr. 1971. Forest environments in tropical life zones: A pilot study. Pergamon Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Holmes, J. C. & Price, P. W. 1986. Communities of parasites. In Kikkawa, J. & Anderson, D. J. (eds). Community ecology: pattern and process. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.Google Scholar
Lane, R. P., Philips, A., Molyneux, D. H., Proctor, G. & Ward, R. D. 1985. Chemical analysis of the abdominal glands of two forms of Lutzomyia longipalpis: site of a possible sex pheromone? Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 79:225–229.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lane, R., Pile, M. M. & Amerasinghe, F. P. 1990. Anthropophily and aggregation behaviour or Phlebotomus argentipes in Sri Lanka. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 4:79–88.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Memmott, J. 1989. Community ecology of phlebotomine sandflies, unpublished PhD thesis, University of Leeds.Google Scholar
Memmott, J. 1991. Sandfly distribution and abundance in a tropical rain forest. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 5:403–411.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Memmott, J. 1992. Patterns of sandfly distribution in a tropical forest: a causal hypothesis. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 6:188–194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miles, C. T., Foster, W. A. & Christensen, H. A. 1977. Mating aggregations of male Lutzomyia at human hosts in Panama. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 70:531–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murillo, J. & Zeledon, R. 1985. Flebotomus de Costa Rica (Diptera: Psychodidae). Brenesia 23(Suplemento): 1–137.Google Scholar
Papageorgius, C. 1975. Mimicry in neo-tropical butterflies. American Science 63:522–532.Google Scholar
Ready, P. D., Arias, J. R. & Freitas, R. A. 1985. A pilot study to control Lutzomyia umbratilis (Diptera: Psychodidae), the major vector of Leishmania braziliensis guyanensis in a periurban rainforest of Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil. Memoirs Institute Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 80:27–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rees, C. J. C. 1983. Microclimate and flying Hemiptera fauna of a primary lowland rain forest in Sulawesi. In Sutton, S. L., Whitmore, T. C. & Chadwick, A. C. (eds). Tropical rain forest: ecology and management. Blackwell, Oxford.Google Scholar
Schal, C. & Bell, W. J. 1986. Vertical community structure and resource utilization in neotropical forest cockroaches. Ecological Entomology 11:411–423.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sutton, S. L. 1983. The spatial distribution of flying insects in tropical rain forests. In Sutton, S. L., Whitmore, T. C. & Chadwick, A. C. (eds). Tropical rain forest: ecology and management. Blackwell, Oxford.Google Scholar
Ward, R. D., Phillips, A., Burnet, B. & Brisola, C. M. 1988. The Lutzomyia longipalpis complex: reproduction and distribution. Pp. 257–269 in Service, M. W. (ed.). Biosystematics of Haematophagous Arthropods. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Williams, P. 1968. On the vertical distribution of Phlebotomine sandflies (Dipt., Psychodidae) in British Honduras [Belize]. Bulletin of Entomological Research 59:637–646.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, P. 1970. Phlebotomine sandflies and leishmaniasis in British Honduras. Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 64:317–364.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed