Woodpecker abundance in a logged (40 years ago) vs. unlogged lowland dipterocarp forest in Peninsular Malaysia

Abstract

Woodpeckers (Picidae) are a group of birds particularly sensitive to logging and deforestation because they nest in cavities located in large trees and often forage on large trunks or standing dead trees. The diverse woodpecker community of lowland dipterocarp forests in Peninsular Malaysia was investigated in a forest selectively logged 40 y ago and in adjacent primary forest at Pasoh Forest Reserve (PFR). Line transects were conducted at dawn and dusk in each forest type to document potential differences in the woodpecker communities in logged vs. unlogged forest. A total of 121 woodpeckers were recorded along transects, including 14 of the 15 species known to occur at PFR. Eleven species were encountered in logged forest, 12 species were encountered in primary forest, and nine species were found at both sites. A significant difference in the overall woodpecker community between the two forest types was found. Of the most common species, Meiglyptes tristis, Reinwardtipicus validus and Dryocopus javensis were significantly more common in primary forest. Only one species, Picus mentalis, was significantly more abundant in logged forest. Possible causes for the differences observed are discussed.