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Climate Change, California Wine, and Wildlife Habitat*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 December 2014

Patrick R. Roehrdanz  and
Lee Hannah
Patrick R. Roehrdanz
Affiliation:
Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, and Earth Research Institute, UC Santa Barbara, 2400 Bren Hall, UC Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106; e-mail: proehrdanz@bren.ucsb.edu.
Lee Hannah
Affiliation:
Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, UC Santa Barbara, 2400 Bren Hall, UC Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, and The Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science and Oceans, Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Drive #500, Arlington, VA, 22202; e-mail: lhannah@conservation.org.
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Abstract

Climate change may drive shifts in global agriculture that will affect remaining natural lands, with important consequences for the conservation of species and ecosystems. Wine production is an excellent model for examining this type of impact, because suitable climate is central to product quality and production is centered in Mediterranean climate regions that are all global biodiversity hotspots. Adaptation to climate change in existing vineyards may involve water use to ameliorate heat stress or drought, resulting in additional conservation issues. Global studies of wine, climate, and conservation have highlighted the need for more detailed regional analyses to better understand these complex multiple issues. Here we examine impacts of climate change on winegrape suitability in California and its possible implications for nature conservation and water use. Under two global climate models and two emissions scenarios, winegrape suitability in California is projected to decline overall and to move into undeveloped areas that provide important habitats for native species. Coastal and upslope areas retain and improve in suitability, respectively, while inland areas see the largest losses in suitability. Areas of declining suitability are regions in which heightened water use for vineyard adaptation may lead to declines in stream flow or conflicts with other water uses. Continued growth in global demand for wine and reduced production in areas of declining suitability will drive expansion into newly suitable areas, potentially impacting important species native to California. Existing vineyards in areas of declining suitability will likely need to adapt to remain viable. Advance planning for a changing climate and adaptation options that are not water intensive (e.g. vine orientation, trellising, or varietal switch) will help reduce potential water conservation issues in those areas. (JEL Classifications: Q15, Q54, Q57)

Keywords

Californiaclimate changeconservationvinecologyviticulturewildlife
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Wine Economics , Volume 11 , Issue 1 , May 2016 , pp. 69 - 87
Copyright
Copyright © American Association of Wine Economists 2014 

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Footnotes

*

We are grateful to Dr. Makihiko Ikegami, Dr. Paulo A.L.D. Nunes, and an anonymous referee for their valuable feedback. Part of this work was supported by a grant from the Public Interest Energy Research program of the California Energy Commission.

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