Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T02:48:58.205Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Can Kant’s Formula of the End in Itself Condemn Capitalism?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 February 2019

James Furner*
Affiliation:
University of the Witwatersrand

Abstract

Kantian socialists at the turn of the twentieth century, as well as contemporary authors seeking a principle with which to condemn capitalism, have turned to Kant’s Formula of the End in Itself (FEI). This article assesses the arguments from FEI against capitalism from the perspective of the issues that arise in interpreting and applying Kant’s formula. There are various strategies with which a Kantian might use FEI to condemn conduct that Kant did not use FEI to condemn. The article asks whether any of the existing arguments from FEI employ plausible versions of these strategies to derive a strict duty from that formula’s Never Merely as a Means principle that condemns capitalism.

Type
Articles
Copyright
© Kantian Review 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adler, Max (1912) ‘Marxismus und Ethik’. Archiv für Sozialwissenschaft, 34, 184191.Google Scholar
Ameriks, Karl (2003) Interpreting Kant’s Critiques. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Bauer, Otto (1906) ‘Marxismus und Ethik’. Die Neue Zeit, 24/2, 485499.Google Scholar
Cohen, Gerry A. (1978) Karl Marx’s Theory of History. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Cohen, Gerry A. (1988) History, Labour, and Freedom. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Cohen, Hermann (1889) Kants Begründung der Aesthetik. Berlin: Ferdinand Dümmler.Google Scholar
Cohen, Hermann (1904) Ethik des reinen Willens. Berlin: Bruno Cassirer.Google Scholar
Ellerman, David P. (1988) ‘The Kantian Person/Thing Principle in Political Economy’. Journal of Economic Issues, 22/4, 11091122.Google Scholar
Goldmann, Lucien (1971) Immanuel Kant. London: New Left Books.Google Scholar
Holzhey, Helmut (ed.) (1994) Ethischer Sozialismus: Zur politischen Philosophie des Neukantianismus. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp.Google Scholar
Kant, Immanuel (1987) Critique of Judgment. Trans. Werner S. Pluhar. Indianapolis: Hackett.Google Scholar
Kant, Immanuel (1991) The Metaphysics of Morals. Trans. Mary Gregor. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Kant, Immanuel (1996) Practical Philosophy. Trans. and ed. Mary G. Gregor. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Kant, Immanuel (1998) Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason and Other Writings . Trans. and ed. Allen Wood and George di Giovanni. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Kant, Immanuel (2002) Critique of Practical Reason. Trans. Werner S. Pluhar. Indianapolis: Hackett.Google Scholar
Kant, Immanuel (2011) Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals: A German–English Edition . Trans. Mary Gregor and Jens Timmermann. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Kerstein, Samuel J. (2013) How to Treat Persons. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Korsgaard, Christine M. (1990) The Standpoint of Practical Reason. New York: Garland.Google Scholar
Korsgaard, Christine M. (1996) Creating the Kingdom of Ends. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Marx, Karl, and Engels, Friedrich (1959) Werke . Mai 1846–März 1848 (vol. 4). Berlin: Dietz Verlag.Google Scholar
Marx, Karl, and Engels, Friedrich (1976) Collected Works , vol. 6, Marx and Engels: 1845–48. London: Lawrence & Wishart.Google Scholar
Marx, Karl, and Engels, Friedrich (1986) Collected Works , vol. 28, Marx: 1857–1861. London: Lawrence & Wishart.Google Scholar
Mehring, Franz (1898) ‘Aesthetische Streifzüge’. Die Neue Zeit, 17/1/9, 281288.Google Scholar
Postone, Moishe (1993) Time, Labor, and Social Domination: A Reinterpretation of Marx’s Social Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Roemer, John E. (1982) A General Theory of Exploitation and Class. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Scanlon, Thomas M. (2008) Moral Dimensions: Permissibility, Meaning, Blame. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Schwartz, Justin (1995) ‘What’s Wrong with Exploitation?Noûs, 29/2, 158188.Google Scholar
Steinbüchel, Theodor (1921) Der Sozialismus als sittliche Idee: Ein Beitrag zur christlichen Sozialethik. Düsseldorf: Schwann.Google Scholar
Tugan-Baranowsky, Michael (1901) Studien zur Theorie und Geschichte der Handelskrisen in England. Jena: Gustav Fischer.Google Scholar
Tugan-Baranowsky, Michael (1905) Theoretische Grundlagen des Marxismus. Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot.Google Scholar
Van der Linden, Harry (1988) Kantian Ethics and Socialism. Indianapolis: Hackett.Google Scholar
Van der Linden, Harry (1994) ‘Cohens sozialistische Rekonstruktion der Ethik Kants’. In Helmut Holzhey (ed.), Ethischer Sozialismus: Zur politischen Philosophie des Neukantianismus (Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp), 146165.Google Scholar
Vorländer, Karl ( 1900) Kant und der Sozialismus. Berlin: Reuther & Reichard.Google Scholar
Vorländer, Karl (1904) Marx und Kant. Vienna: E. Pernerstorfer.Google Scholar
Vorländer, Karl (1911) Kant und Marx. Tübingen: J. C. B. Mohr.Google Scholar
Vorländer, Karl (1920) Kant, Fichte, Hegel und der Sozialismus. Berlin: Paul Cassirer.Google Scholar
Wolff, Jonathan (1999) ‘Marx and Exploitation’. Journal of Ethics, 3/2, 105120.Google Scholar
Wood, Allen W. (1995a) ‘Humanity as End in Itself’. In H. Robinson and Gordon Brittan (eds), Proceedings of the Eighth International Kant Congress, vol. 1, part 1 (Milwaukee: Marquette University Press), 301319.Google Scholar
Wood, Allen W. (1995b) ‘What is Exploitation?’. Social Philosophy and Policy, 12/2, 136158.Google Scholar
Wood, Allen W. (2004) [1981] Karl Marx, 2nd edn. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Wood, Allen W. (2014) The Free Development of Each: Studies on Freedom, Right, and Ethics in Classical German Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Wood, Allen W. (2017) ‘Marx and Kant on Capitalist Exploitation’. Kantian Review, 22/4: 641659.Google Scholar