Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-xbtfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-15T06:48:47.316Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Signed languages and sociopolitical formation: The case of “contributing to society” through Hồ Chí Minh City Sign Language

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 May 2014

Audrey C. Cooper*
Affiliation:
American University, Department of Anthropology, Hamilton Building, 302, Washington, DC 20002, USAcooper@american.edu

Abstract

Claims about signed languages present a unique resource for examining sociopolitical formation and change. Examining three claims drawn from original ethnographic data on Hồ Chí Minh City Sign Language, analysis centers on the ways language practices and language ideologies reflect, respond to, and impact sociopolitical formation in Việt Nam, particularly in connection to state restructuring of deaf education during the political reform period (1986 to present). Signer narratives evaluate such circumstances in relation to notions of citizenship, national development, and social participation to posit signed language as the basis for Deaf people's contributions to national development and broader social change. Articulations between signed language and sociopolitical formation have been largely ignored within mainstream social science disciplines and global disability-oriented development, hindering theoretical and practical projects. This article aims to expand the theoretical scope of language-centered inquiry by demonstrating how ethnographic research on signed languages contributes to examination of sociopolitical formation. (Signed language, Việt Nam, deaf education, sociopolitical, citizenship)*

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Agamben, Giorgio (1998). Homo sacer: Sovereign power and bare life. Trans. Heller-Roazen, Daniel. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Althusser, Louis (1971). Lenin, philosophy, and other essays. New York: Monthly Review Press.Google Scholar
Bakhtin, Mikhail M. (1981). The dialogic imagination: Four essays. Austin: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Blommaert, Jan (1999). The debate is open. In Blommaert, Jan (ed.), Language ideological debates (Language, power, and social process), 138. New York: Mouton de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Bokhorst-Heng, Wendy (1999). Singapore's Speak Mandarin campaign: Language ideological debates in imagining the nation. In Blommaert, Jan (ed.), Language ideological debates (Language, power, and social process), 235–66. New York: Mouton de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre (1991). Language and symbolic power. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre (1998). The state nobility: Elite schools in the field of power. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Calhoun, Craig (2007). Nationalism and cultures of democracy. Public Culture 19(1):151–73.Google Scholar
Cooper, Audrey C. (2011). Overcoming the “backward body”: How state institutions, language and embodiment shape deaf education in contemporary southern Việt Nam. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan dissertation.Google Scholar
Dang, Phong, & Beresford, Melanie (1998). Authority relations and economic decision making in Vietnam: An historical perspective. Copenhagen: Nordic Institute of Asian Studies.Google Scholar
Doan, Hue Dung (2005). Moral education or political education in the Vietnamese educational system? Journal of Moral Education 34(4):451–63.Google Scholar
Du Bois, John W. (2007). The stance triangle. In Englebretson, Robert (ed.), Stancetaking in discourse: Subjectivity, evaluation, interaction, 139–82. Philadelphia: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Fairclough, Norman (2003). Analysing discourse: Textual analysis for social research. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Gal, Susan (1989). Language and political economy. Annual Review of Anthropology 18:345–67.Google Scholar
Gammeltoft, Tine M. (2008). Figures of transversality: State power and prenatal screening in contemporary southern Vietnam. American Ethnologist 35(4):570–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hansen, Thomas Blom, & Stepputat, Finn (2001). Introduction. In Hansen, Thomas Blom & Stepputat, Finn (eds.), States of imagination: Ethnographic explorations of the postcolonial state, 138. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Haualand, Hilde, & Allen, Colin (2009). Deaf people and human rights. Helsinki: World Federation of the Deaf.Google Scholar
Hồ Chí Minh (1977). Hồ Chí Minh: Selected writings (1920–1969). Hà Nội: Foreign Languages Publishing House.Google Scholar
Irvine, Judith T. (1989). When talk isn't cheap: Language and political economy. American Ethnologist 16(2):248–67.Google Scholar
Irvine, Judith T., & Gal, Susan (2000). Language ideology and linguistic differentiation. In Kroskrity, Paul V. (ed.), Regimes of language: Ideologies, polities, and identities, 3585. Santa Fe, NM: School of American Research Press.Google Scholar
Johnson, Robert E. (2006). Cultural constructs that impede discussions about variability in speech-based educational models for Deaf children with cochlear implants. Perspectiva 24(Especial):2980.Google Scholar
Kusters, Annelies (2012). “Since time immemorial until the end of days”: The production of deaf space in Adamarobe, Ghana. Bristol: University of Bristol dissertation.Google Scholar
Leap, William L. (2004). Language, belonging, and (homo)sexual citizenship in Cape Town, South Africa. In Leap, William L. & Boellstorff, Tom (eds.), Speaking in queer tongues: Globalization and gay language, 134–62. Champaign: University of Illinois Press.Google Scholar
Leap, William L. (2005). Finding the centre: Claiming gay space in Cape Town. In Steyn, Melissa (ed.), Performing queer: Shaping sexualities 1994–2004, vol. 1, 235–64. South Africa: Kwela Books.Google Scholar
Luong, Hy V. (1988). Discursive practices and power structure: Person-referring forms and sociopolitical struggles in colonial Vietnam. American Ethnologist 15(2):239–53.Google Scholar
Luong, Hy V. (2010). Tradition, revolution, and market economy in a northern Vietnamese village, 1925–2006. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marr, David (1981). Vietnamese anticolonialism, 1885–1925. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Marshall, Thomas H. (1950'2009). Citizenship and social class. In Manza, Jeff & Sauder, Michael (eds.), Inequality and society, 148–54. New York: Norton.Google Scholar
May, Stephen (2008). Language and minority rights: Ethnicity, nationalism and the politics of language. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Nakamura, Karen (2006). Deaf in Japan: Signing and the politics of identity. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Nguyễn, Phương An (2004). Pursuing success in present-day Vietnam: Young graduates in Hanoi. In McCargo, Duncan (ed.), Rethinking Vietnam, 165–76. New York: Routledge Curzon.Google Scholar
Nguyễn-võ, Thu-hương (2008). The ironies of freedom: Sex, culture, and neoliberal governance in Vietnam. Seattle: University of Washington Press.Google Scholar
Nonaka, Angela M. (2007). Emergence of an indigenous sign language and a speech/sign community in Ban Khor Thailand. Los Angeles: University of California, Los Angeles dissertation.Google Scholar
Ong, Aiwha (1996). Cultural citizenship as subject-making: Immigrants negotiate racial and cultural boundaries in the United States. Current Anthropology 37(5):737–62.Google Scholar
Phạm, Kim (1984). Vấn đề phuc hồi chức năng cho người điếc [Rehabilitation issues for the Deaf]. Hà Nội: Nhà xuất bản Y học [Medical Publishing House].Google Scholar
Phạm, Minh Hạc (1994). Educational reforms. In In Phạm Minh Hạc & Vũ Văn Tảo (eds.), Education in Vietnam 1945–1991, 2940. Hanoi: Ministry of Education and Training.Google Scholar
Phạm, Minh Hạc (2007). Twenty years of the renewal of education and training: Achievements and challenges. In Việt Nam: Twenty years of renewal, 277–90. Hà Nội: Giới.Google Scholar
Phan, Peter C. (2006). Mission and catechesis: Alexandre de Rhodes and inculturation in seventeenth-century Vietnam. (Faith and cultures.) Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books.Google Scholar
Pitrois, Yvonne (1914). From the old world. The silent worker 27(1):1213.Google Scholar
Reilly, Charles B., & Reilly, Nipapon (2005). The rising of lotus flowers: Self-education by Deaf children in Thai boarding schools. Washington, DC: Gallaudet University Press.Google Scholar
Reilly, Charles B., & Nguyễn Khanh Công (2004). Inclusive education for hearing-impaired and Deaf children in Vietnam: Final evaluation report. Washington, DC: USAID.Google Scholar
Silverstein, Michael (2000). Whorfianism and the linguistic imagination of nationality. In Kroskrity, Paul V. (ed.), Regimes of language: Ideologies, polities, and identities, 85138. Santa Fe, NM: School of American Research Press.Google Scholar
Spitulnik, Debra (1998). Mediating unity and diversity: The production of language ideologies in Zambian broadcasting. In Schieffelin, Bambi B., Woolard, Kathyrn A., & Kroskrity, Paul V., (eds.), Language ideologies: Practice and theory, 163–88. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Tai, Hue-Tam Ho (1992). Radicalism and the origins of the Vietnamese revolution. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Thompson, Geoff, & Hunston, Susan (2000). Evaluation: An introduction. In Hunston, Susan & Thompson, Geoff (eds.), Evaluation in text, 127. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Trung, Tân (2009). Giảng đường không tiếng nói! [Lecture hall without a spoken word!]. Tuổi Trẻ Newspaper, April 4.Google Scholar
Vietnamese Household Living Standards Survey (2008). Results of the survey on household living standards 2006. Hà Nội: General Statistics Office.Google Scholar
Wilson, Fiona (2001). In the name of the state? Schools and teachers in an Andean province. In Hansen, Thomas Blom & Stepputat, Finn (eds.), States of imagination: Ethnographic explorations of the postcolonial state, 313–44. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Winzer, Margret A. (2000). Special education in the 21st century: Issues of inclusion and reform. Washington, DC: Gallaudet University Press.Google Scholar
Woodside, Alexander (1983). The triumphs and failures of mass education in Vietnam. Pacific Affairs 56(3):401–27.Google Scholar
Woodside, Alexander (1989). History, structure, and revolution in Vietnam. International Political Science Review 10(2):143–57.Google Scholar
Woodward, James C. (2000). Sign languages and sign language families in Thailand and Vietnam. In Emmorey, Karen & Lane, Harlan (eds.), The signs of language revisited: An anthology in honor of Ursula Bellugi and Edward Klima, 2347. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Woodward, James C. (2003). Sign languages and deaf identities in Thailand and Viet Nam. In Monaghan, Leila, Schmaling, Constance, Nakamura, Karen, & Turner, Graham H. (eds.), Many ways to be deaf: International variation in deaf communities, 283301. Washington, DC: Gallaudet University Press.Google Scholar
Woodward, James C., & Nguyễn;, Thi Hoa & Nguyễn, Thi Thuy Tien (2004). Providing higher educational opportunities to deaf adults in Viet Nam through Vietnamese sign languages: 2000–2003. Deaf Worlds 20(3):232–63.Google Scholar
Woodward, James C., & Thi Hoa Nguyễn (2012). Where sign language studies has led us in forty years: Opening high school and university education for deaf people in Viet Nam through sign language analysis, teaching, and interpretation. Sign Language Studies 13(1):1936.Google Scholar