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Saturation effect at high laser pulse energies in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for elemental analysis in water

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 October 2007

Xiao Fang  and
S. Rafi Ahmad
Xiao Fang*
Affiliation:
Centre for Applied Laser Spectroscopy, DMAS, DCMT, Cranfield University, Shrivenham, Swindon, United Kingdom.
S. Rafi Ahmad
Affiliation:
Centre for Applied Laser Spectroscopy, DMAS, DCMT, Cranfield University, Shrivenham, Swindon, United Kingdom.
*
Address correspondence and reprint request to: Xiao Fang, Centre for Applied Laser Spectroscopy, DMAS, DCMT, Cranfield University, Shrivenham, Swindon, Wilts. SN6 8LA, United Kingdom. E-mail: x.fang@cranfield.ac.uk
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Abstract

Saturation effects in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy in water for elemental analysis have been investigated. Existing theoretical model of laser-induced plasma in solids has been applied to liquid phase under some simplifying assumptions to take account of the laser pulse energy dependence of atomic emissions from Na and Cu in aqueous solution. The theory was found to explain the emission process for laser energies up to but below the saturation level. The saturation limit of the emission with laser pulse energy corresponds well with that of the plasma temperature deduced from blackbody emission considerations. The saturation energies for atomic emissions were found to be lower for bulk excitations compared to water jet excitations. The dependence of signal strength on sample concentration indicated that the concentration values at saturation are lower at higher laser energies, as is expected from the theoretical model.

Keywords

Atomic EmissionLaserPlasma TemperatureSaturationWater Plasma
Type
Research Article
Information
Laser and Particle Beams , Volume 25 , Issue 4 , December 2007 , pp. 613 - 620
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2007

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