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Ancient DNA and Genetic Continuity in the South Central Andes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Cecil M. Lewis Jr. ,
Jane E. Buikstra  and
Anne C. Stone
Cecil M. Lewis Jr.
Affiliation:
Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109 (clewisjr@umich.edu)
Jane E. Buikstra
Affiliation:
School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 85287
Anne C. Stone
Affiliation:
School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 85287
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Abstract

Alternative models of residential mobility have been proposed to explain the development and spread of Tiwanaku influence across the south central Andes. Within the Osmore drainage, the rich Moquegua Valley has been hypothesized as the site of a significant colonization event (or events) whereby both the natural and human landscape was transformed and integrated into the expansive Tiwanaku state. In this research, the impact of altiplano colonization is inferred from temporal and spatial patterns of genetic variation within and among native groups. Mitochondrial DNA haplogroup frequencies are used as the measure of genetic variation. The haplogroup data are determined for Moquegua Valley archaeological samples (Chen Chen site; A.D. 785-1000) and are compared to published data from 58 other ancient and contemporary native groups. The results support temporal and spatial genetic continuity in the south central Andes for the last 1,000 years. Contemporary Aymara speaking groups are exceptions to this pattern, perhaps because of recent population decline. While the altiplano colonization hypothesis is not rejected, moderate gene flow and relatively large population sizes likely characterized much of south central Andean prehistory regardless of the contribution from Tiwanaku colonization events.

Resumen

Resumen

Modelos alternativos de movilidad residencial han sido propuestos para explicar el desarrollo y expansión de la influencia Tiahuanaku. Dentro de la cuenca del rió Osmore, el rico valle de Moquegua ha sido propuesto como el sitio de un evento (o eventos) de colonización significativo por el cual, ambos el paisaje natural y humano fueron transformados e integrados dentro del amplio estado Tiahuanaku. En este estudio, el impacto de la colonización del altiplano es inferido a partir de un estudio de los patrones temporales y espaciales de variación del flujo genético entre y dentro de grupos nativos. Las frecuencias de los haplogrupos de ADN mitocondrial son empleadas como medida de la variación genética. Estos haplogrupos se determinaron en muestras arqueológicas del Valle de Moquegua (Sitio Chen Chen, 785-1000 d.C.) y sus datos se comparan con 58 grupos nativos contemporáneos y prehistóricos. Los resultados sostienen una continuidad genética espacial y temporal en los Andes centrales del sur durante los últimos 1000 años. Los grupos Aymaras contemporáneos son excepciones a este patrón. Mientras la hipótesis de la colonización del altiplano no se rechaza, el flujo génico moderado y el relativamente gran tamaño efectivo de las poblaciones probablemente caracterizaron mucho de la prehistoria de los Andes centrales del sur, a pesar de la contribución de los eventos colonizadores de Tiwanaku.

Type
Articles
Information
Latin American Antiquity , Volume 18 , Issue 2 , June 2007 , pp. 145 - 160
Copyright
Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 2007

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