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Chronological Revision of Preclassic Kaminaljuyú, Guatemala: Implications for Social Processes in the Southern Maya Area

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Takeshi Inomata ,
Raúl Ortiz ,
Bárbara Arroyo  and
Eugenia J. Robinson
Takeshi Inomata
Affiliation:
School of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0030, (inomata@email.arizona.edu)
Raúl Ortiz
Affiliation:
School of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0030, (inomata@email.arizona.edu)
Bárbara Arroyo
Affiliation:
Instituto de Antropología e Historia de Guatemaía, Guatemaía City, Guatemaía
Eugenia J. Robinson
Affiliation:
Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Criminal Justice, Montgomery College, Rockville, MD 20850
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Abstract

Kaminaljuyú has been an important focus of archaeological research since the 1930s, and the chronologies of various sites of the Southern Maya Area are linked directly to that of Kaminaljuyú. The implications of the currently prevalent chronology of Kaminaljuyú are that various social and political institutions developed significantly earlier in the Southern Maya Area than in the Maya Lowlands during the Preclassic period. Our evaluations of new and existing radiocarbon dates through the application ofBayesian statistics, as well as ceramic cross-dating, indicate that the Middle and Late Preclassic portions of the Kaminaljuyú sequence need to be shifted forward in time by roughly 300 years. Our chronological revisions have the following important implications: (1) many centers in the Southern Maya Area suffered political disruptions around 400 B.C., roughly at the same time as La Venta and the centers in the Grijalva region of Chiapas; and (2) highly centralized polities with divine rulers and their depictions on stelae developed roughly contemporaneously in the Southern Maya Area and in the Maya Lowlands after 100 B.C.

Resumen

Resumen

Kaminaljuyú ha sido unfoco importante de investigaciones arqueológicas desde la dùcada de 1930, y las cronologías de varios sitios del sur del área maya han sido vinculadas directamente con aquella de Kaminaljuyú. La cronología prevalente de Kaminaljuyú, propuesta por Edwin Shook y Marion Popenoe de Hatch, implica que varias instituciones sociales y politicas se desarrollaron significativamente más temprano en el sur de la zona maya que en las Tierras Bajas mayas durante el periodo Precldsico. Nuestra evaluación defechas de radiocarbono nuevas y existentes a traves de la aplicacion de estadistica Bayesiana fecha las porciones del Preclásico Medio y Tardio de la secuencia de Kaminaljuyú aproximadamente 300 anos más tarde. Las correlaciones relativas de cerámica entre varias regiones basadas en los andlisis tipologico y modal son consistentes con esta nueva cronológicas. Las implicaciones más importantes de nuestras revisiones cronologicas son las siguientes: (1) muchos centros en el sur de la zona maya sufrieron perturbaciones politicas alrededor del 400 a.C, al mismo tiempo que el centro Olmeca de La Venta y los asentamientos en la región del Río Grijalva en Chiapas; y (2) las entidades politicas altamente centralizadas con gobernantes divinos y sus representaciones en estelas se desarrollaron de manera contemporánea en el sur de la zona maya y en las Tierras Bajas mayas después del aňo 100 a.C.

Type
Special Section: Rethinking Ceramic Chronologies, Part I
Information
Latin American Antiquity , Volume 25 , Issue 4 , December 2014 , pp. 377 - 408
Copyright
Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 2014

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