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Late Classic Maya Water Management and Community Organization at Copan, Honduras

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Karla L. Davis-Salazar
Karla L. Davis-Salazar*
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620-8100
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Abstract

Recent research on prehispanic water management throughout the Americas has made significant contributions to our understanding of the diversity of adaptive systems employed in regions where water is seasonally scarce, such as the Maya Lowlands. Since much of this workfocuses on large-scale technologies, the political and economic consequences of these systems for smaller social units remain poorly understood. Social dynamics associated with less-intensive forms of water use and control are investigated at Late Classic (A.D. 600–900) Copán, in a water-rich setting of western Honduras. Ethnographic, iconographic, and archaeological datasets suggest that lagoons located in Copán’s urban residential sectors may have been conceptualized, utilized, and maintained as communal property with ancestral ties by the inhabitants of surrounding domestic groups. By shifting the scale of analysis from the polity to the community level, these lagoons can be viewed as forms of communal property that created an economic and ideological basis for local social integration but offered limited opportunity for the centralization of power through monopolistic control. Yet, toward the end of the Late Classic, the appropriation of water-related dynastic symbolism and possibly ritual seems to have provided nonroyal elites with a means for creating local social identities, which undercut and eroded royal authority.

Las investigaciones recientes del manejo del agua en Mesoamérica prehispánica han contribuido a nuestro entendimiento de la diversidad de sistemas adaptívos que se empleaban en regiones de poco agua, como las Tierras Bajas Mayas. Sin embargo, como mucho de este trabajo se enfoque en las tecnologías intensivas de escala grande, se quedan poco entendidas las consecuencias políticas y económicas de estos sistemas para unidades sociales pequeñas. Se investiga la dinámica social relacionada con formas menos intensivas del uso y control del agua durante el período clásico tardío (600–900 d.C. en el sitio maya clásico de Copán, Honduras. Al cambiar la escala del análisis de la ciudad a la comunidad, se sugiere que las lagunas de Copán, ubicadas en los sectores residenciales urbanos del sitio, puedan haber sido conceptuadas, utilizadas, y mantenidas por los habitantes de los circundantes grupos domésticos como recursos comunales con vínculos ancestrales. De esta manera, las lagunas crearon una base económica e ideológica para la integración social local. Sin embargo, hacia finales del clásico tardío, el uso del simbolismo dinástico, y posiblemente del ritual, relacionado con el agua dió a los élites no royales una manera para aumentar su prestigio y posición social. Así, el manejo del agua a la vez integró y desunió las comunidades urbanas de Copán.

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Articles
Information
Latin American Antiquity , Volume 14 , Issue 3 , September 2003 , pp. 275 - 299
Copyright
Copyright © 2003 by the Society for American Archaeology.

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