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Rethinking the Becán Ceramic Sequence-Disjunctions, Continuities, Segmentation, and Chronology

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Joseph W. Ball
Joseph W. Ball*
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, san Diago State University, San Diego CA 92182, (jwball@mail.sdsu.edu)
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Abstract

One of the benchmark ceramic chronologies for the Central Maya Lowlands—that of Becán, Campeche—was critically flawed in its inception. Its flaws resultedfrom a perceived need to parallel the established Uaxactún bellwether and a failure to recognize that the typological and modal content of the sequence of assemblages defined was not continuous but disjunctive in character. In fact, this sequence reflected a broken continuum of discrete segments separated by a major break representing an actual occupational and historical gap in the site history of Becán. This paper reexamines the premises of the original Becán sequence, reassesses its structure and chronology, and offers a new alternative for its replacement and future fieldtesting. Reassessments of individual types and groups and their relationships and established chronologies, joined with a fresh consideration of Bejuco-phase depositional circumstances and stratigraphies, suggest that the political failure of Becán and the consequent abandonment of the center may have occurred as early as A.D. 730-750. The resulting gap in the occupational and ceramic sequences of the site lasted into the early ninth century. The suggested changes have significant ramifications not only for the chronologies of the site and the surrounding Río Bec region, but also for their cultural, architectural, and political histories.

Resumen

Resumen

Una de las cronologías cerámicas fundacionales para las tierras bajas mayas centrales—la de Becán, Campeche—sufrió graves defectos en su initio. Estos resultaron de una necesidadpercibida de imitar la secuencia arquetípica de Uaxactún y de unafalta de reconocimiento de que el contenido tipológica y modal de la secuencia de ensambles cerámicos definidos no era continuo sino disyuntivo en carácter. De hecho, esta secuencia refleja una serie discontinua de segmentos discretos separados por una ruptura importante. Esta ruptura representó no sólo una disyunción tipológica, sino un verdadero vacío ocupacional e histórico en la historia del sitio de Becán. Este trabajo reexamina las premisas de la secuencia original de Becán, reevalúa su estructura y cronología y ofrece una nueva alternativa para su sustitucion y futuraspruebas en el campo. Reconsideraciones de los tipos y grupos individuates, sus interrelaciones y sus cronologías establecidas, unidas a un nuevo examen de las circunstancias y estratigrafías deposicionales de lafase Bejuco, sugieren que elfracaso politico de Becán y el consiguiente abandono del centro pudieron haber ocurrido tan pronto como el 730-750 d.C. El resultante vacio en la secuencia ocupacional, y por lo tanto en la secuencia cerámica del sitio, duró hasta principios del siglo nueve. Los cambios propuestos tienen ramificaciones importantes no solo para la cronologia del sitio y sus alrededores, la región Río Bec, sino también para sus desarrollos culturales e historias arquitectónicas y políticas.

Type
Special Section: Rethinking Ceramic Chronologies, Part I
Information
Latin American Antiquity , Volume 25 , Issue 4 , December 2014 , pp. 427 - 448
Copyright
Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 2014

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