Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-v9fdk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-15T02:04:19.323Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Bringing the Cuban Economy into Focus: Conceptual and Empirical Challenges

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 October 2022

Jorge F. Pérez-López*
Affiliation:
Bureau of International Labor Affairs, U.S. Department of Labor
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Two differing views of the economy of contemporary Cuba continue to coexist. One portrays it as dynamic, largely unaffected by inflation, providing full employment for its citizens, diversified, and the unquestioned leader within Latin America in real economic growth in the 1970s and 1980s. The logical conclusion to be drawn from this view is that the Cuban economic model and its implementation in the island have been a success and that other developing countries in Latin America and elsewhere would do well to emulate the Cuban paradigm.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © 1991 by the University of Texas Press

Footnotes

*

This article expresses only the personal views of the author. I am grateful to five anonymous LARR referees and to the editors for their helpful comments on an earlier draft.

References

Abouchar, Alan 1986The Treatment of Intermediate Goods in Cuban National Income Accounts: Parallels and Differences with Soviet Methodology.” Comparative Economic Studies 28, no. 2 (Summer):3748.Google Scholar
Acosta Santana, Jose 1982 Teoría y práctica de los mecanismos de dirección de la economía en Cuba. Havana: Editorial de Ciencias Sociales.Google Scholar
BANCO NACIONAL DE CUBA 1982 Informe Económico (August). 1989 Economic Report (May).Google Scholar
BANCO NACIONAL DE CUBA AND COMITE ESTATAL DE ESTADISTICAS 1982Quarterly Economic Report. Havana: Banco Nacional de Cuba and Comité Estatal de Estadísticas.Google Scholar
Baran, Paul 1947National Income and Product of the USSR in 1940.” Review of Economics and Statistics 29, no. 4 (Nov.):226–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bekarevich, Anatoli, and Keino, Kalev 1986 “Cuba: economía, planificación, gestión.” In Academia de Ciencias de la URSS, Cuba: 25 años de construcción del socialismo. Moscow: Redacción Ciencias Sociales Contemporáneas.Google Scholar
Bergson, Abram 1950Soviet National Income and Product in 1937.” Quarterly journal of Economics 65, no. 1 (May):208–41, and 65, no. 2 (Aug.):408–41. 1961 The Real National Income of Soviet Russia since 1928. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Betto, Frei 1985 Fidel y la religión. Havana: Oficina de Publicaciones del Consejo de Estado.Google Scholar
Bhagwati, Jagdish N. 1986Rethinking Trade Strategy.” In lewis and kallab 1986, 91104.Google Scholar
Boodhoo, Ken I. 1989Growth and Development: Meeting Basic Needs in Cuba and the Caribbean.” Caribbean Affairs 2, no. 3 (July–Sept.):2241.Google Scholar
Boretsky, Michael 1987The Tenability of the CIA Estimates of Soviet Economic Growth.” Journal of Comparative Economics 11, no. 4 (Dec.):517–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brundenius, Claes 1981Growth with Equity: The Cuban Experience (1959–1980).” World Development 9, nos. 11–12 (Nov.-Dec.): 10831107. Reprinted as “Development Strategies and Basic Needs in Revolutionary Cuba” in brundenius and lundahl 1982.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boodhoo, Ken I. 1984 Revolutionary Cuba: The Challenge of Economic Growth with Equity. Boulder, Colo.: Westview.Google Scholar
Brundenius, Claes, and Lundahl, Mats, EDS. 1982 Development Strategies and Basic Needs in Latin America: Challenges for the 1980s. Boulder, Colo.: Westview.Google Scholar
Brundenius, Claes, and Zimbalist, Andrew 1985aRecent Studies on Cuban Economic Growth: A Review.” Comparative Economic Studies 27, no. 1 (Spring):2145.Google Scholar
Brundenius, Claes 1985b “Cuban Economic Growth One More Time: A Response to ‘Imbroglios.”‘ Comparative Economic Studies 27, no. 3 (Fall): 115–31.Google Scholar
Brundenius, Claes 1985cCuban Growth: A Final Word.” Comparative Economic Studies 27, no. 4 (Winter):8384.Google Scholar
Brundenius, Claes 1988Cubanology and Economic Performance.” In Cuban Political Economy: Controversies in Cubanology, edited by Zimbalist, Andrew. Boulder, Colo.: Westview.Google Scholar
Castro, Fidel 1979Discurso en la clausura del II Período de Sesiones de 1979 de la Asamblea del Poder Popular, el 27 de diciembre de 1979.” Mimeo.Google Scholar
Brundenius, Claes 1985 Nuestra lucha es la de América Latina y el Tercer Mundo. Havana: Oficina de Publicaciones del Consejo de Estado. Text of an interview given to the Mexican newspaper El Día on 8 June 1985.Google Scholar
Brundenius, Claes 1986aEn el XXV aniversario de la victoria de Playa Girón y de la proclamación del carácter socialista de la revolución.” Cuba Socialista, no. 23 (Sept.–Oct.): 1933.Google Scholar
Brundenius, Claes 1986b Informe Central: Tercer Congreso del Partido Comunista de Cuba. Havana: Editora Política.Google Scholar
Brundenius, Claes 1987 Por el camino correcto. Havana: Editora Política.Google Scholar
Brundenius, Claes 1988 La revolución cubana: una proeza extraordinaria. Havana: Editora Política.Google Scholar
CEPAL (COMISION ECONOMICA PARA AMERICA LATINA) 1980 Cuba: estilo de desarrollo y políticas sociales. Mexico City: Siglo Veintiuno.Google Scholar
CEPAL (COMISION ECONOMICA PARA AMERICA LATINA) 1988 Estudio económico de América Latina 1987: Cuba. Santiago, Chile: United Nations.Google Scholar
Chang, John K. 1969 Industrial Development in Pre-Communist China. Chicago, Ill.: Aldine.Google Scholar
Cohn, Stanley H. 1972National Income Growth Statistics.” In Soviet Economic Statistics, edited by Treml, Vladimir G. and Hardt, John P. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
COMITE ESTATAL DE ESTADISTICAS 1982 Conversión de los principales agregados macroeconómicos del Sistema de Balances de la Economía Nacional (SBEN) al Sistema de Cuentas Nacionales (SCN), 1974. Havana: Comité Estatal de Estadísticas.Google Scholar
COMITE ESTATAL DE ESTADISTICAS 1989 Anuario Estadístico de Cuba 1987. Havana: Comité Estatal de Estadísticas.Google Scholar
Diaz-Briquets, Sergio 1988Regional Differences in Development and Living Standards in Revolutionary Cuba.” Cuban Studies 18:4563.Google Scholar
Diaz-Vazquez, Julio A. 1981Cuba: integración económica socialista y especialización de la producción.” Economía y Desarrollo, no. 63 (July–Aug.):133–65.Google Scholar
Dobb, Maurice 1948Further Appraisals of Russian Economic Statistics.” Review of Economics and Statistics 30, no. 1 (Feb.):3438.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dominguez, Jorge I. 1978 Cuba: Order and Revolution. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap.Google Scholar
Dominguez, Jorge I. 1989 To Make a World Safe for Revolution. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Echevarria Salvat, Oscar A. 1971 La agricultura cubana, 1934–1966. Miami, Fla.: Ediciones Universal.Google Scholar
Eckstein, Susan 1986The Impact of the Cuban Revolution: A Comparative Perspective.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 28, no. 3 (July):502–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ECLAC (ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN) 1988 Estudio económico de América Latina 1987: Cuba. Santiago, Chile: United Nations.Google Scholar
Fernandez Arner, Agustin, and Garcia, Lillian Pla 1982El comercio exterior y la construcción del socialismo en Cuba.” Economía y Desarrollo, no. 90 (Jan.–Feb.):3949.Google Scholar
Fernandez-Rubio Legra, Angel 1985 El proceso de institucionalización de la revolución cubana. Havana: Editorial de Ciencias Sociales.Google Scholar
Fisher, Franklin M., Griliches, Zvi, and Kaysen, Carl 1962The Costs of Automobile Model Changes since 1949.” Journal of Political Economy 70, no. 5(Oct):433–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garcia Marrero, Agustin, and Pita, Antonio Morales 1987El desarrollo de los complejos agroindustriales azucareros en las condiciones de la República de Cuba.” Economía y Desarrollo, no. 96 (Jan.-Feb.):6079.Google Scholar
Gerschenkron, Alexander 1947The Soviet índices of Industrial Production.” Review of Economics and Statistics 29, no. 4 (Nov.):217–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goure, Leon, and Winkle, Julian 1972Cuba's New Dependency.” Problems of Communism 21, no. 2 (Mar.–Apr):6879.Google Scholar
Griliches, Zvi 1961 “Hedonic Price Indexes for Automobiles: An Econometric Analysis of Quality Change.” In Joint Economic Committee, Price Statistics of the Federal Government. Washington. D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
GRUPO CUBANO DE INVESTIGACIONES ECONOMICAS 1963 Un estudio sobre Cuba. Coral Gables, Fla.: University of Miami Press.Google Scholar
Hanke, Steve H. 1987 Privatization and Development. San Francisco, Calif.: Institute for Development Studies.Google Scholar
Hodgman, Donald 1950A New Production Index for Soviet Industry.” Review of Economics and Statistics 32, no. 4 (Nov.):329–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ibañez Morales, Jesus R. 1988Las cuentas nacionales de Cuba, algo más que una conversión del SBEN al SCN.” Revista Estadística 10, no. 23 (Apr.):5172.Google Scholar
INTER-AMERICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK 1988 Economic and Social Progress in Latin America: 1988 Report. Washington, D.C.: Inter-American Development Bank.Google Scholar
ILPES (INSTITUTO LATINOAMERICANO Y DEL CARIBE DE PLANIFICACION ECONOMICA Y SOCIAL) 1988 El sistema de dirección y planificación de la economía cubana. Cuadernos del ILPES no. 33. Santiago, Chile: United Nations.Google Scholar
Ivanov, Youri 1987Possibilities and Problems of Reconciliation of the SNA and the MPS.” Review of Income and Wealth 33, no. 1 (Mar.):l18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jansen, M. A. 1973Problems of International Comparisons of National Accounting Aggregates between Countries with Different Economic Systems.” Review of Income and Wealth 19, no. 1 (Mar.):6977CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Joglekar, Gitanjali, and Zimbalist, Andrew 1989Dollar GDP per Capita in Cuba.” Journal of Comparative Economics 13:85114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jorge, Antonio 1983How Exportable Is the Cuban Model? Culture Contact in a Modern Context.” In The New Cuban Presence in the Caribbean, edited by Levine, Barry. Boulder, Colo.: Westview.Google Scholar
Jorge, Antonio, and Suchlicki, Jaime, EDS. 1989 The Cuban Economy: Dependency and Development. Coral Gables, Fla.: Research Institute for Cuban Studies, University of Miami.Google Scholar
Kravis, Irving, Heston, Alan, and Summers, Robert 1982 World Product and Income: International Comparisons of Real Gross Product. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Lancaster, Kevin 1977The Measurement of Changes in Quality.” Review of Income and Wealth 23, no. 2 (June):157–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, Pong, and Montias, John 1967Indices of Rumanian Industrial Production.” In Economic Development in Communist Rumania, edited by Montias, John. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Leogrande, William M. 1979Cuban Dependency: A Comparison of Pre-Revolutionary and Post-Revolutionary International Economic Relations.” Cuban Studies/Estudios Cubanos 9, no. 2 (July):l28.Google Scholar
Lewis, John P., and Kallab, Valeriana, EDS. 1986 Development Strategies Reconsidered. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Press for the Overseas Development Council.Google Scholar
Luxenburg, Norman 1984Social Conditions before and after the Revolution.” In Cuban Communism, edited by Horowitz, Irving Louis. Fifth ed. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction.Google Scholar
Luzon, Jose L. 1988Housing in Socialist Cuba: An Analysis Using Cuban Censuses of Population and Housing.” Cuban Studies 18:6583.Google Scholar
Macdonald, Scott B., and Demetrius, F. Joseph 1986The Caribbean Sugar Crisis: Consequences and Challenges.” Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 28, no. 1 (Spring):3558.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maker, Paul 1985 Dollar GNPs of the USSR and Eastern Europe. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Marr, David 1982 Vision. New York: W. H. Freeman, 1982.Google Scholar
Marrero, Levi 1987 Cuba en la década de 1950: un país en desarrollo. San Juan, Puerto Rico: Ediciones Capiro.Google Scholar
Marrese, Michael, and Vanous, Jan 1983a Soviet Subsidization of Trade with Eastern Europe. Berkeley: Institute of International Studies, University of California.Google Scholar
Marrese, Michael 1983bUnconventional Gains from Trade.” Journal of Comparative Economics 3, no. 4 (Dec.):382–99.Google Scholar
Martinez Carrera, Ramon 1988Reflexiones sobre el trabajo de series cronológicas de la estadística económica en Cuba.” Revista Estadística 10, no. 24 (Aug.):5991.Google Scholar
Martinez Salsamendi, Carlos 1984El papel de Cuba en el Tercer Mundo: América Central, el Caribe y Africa.” In Cuba y Estados Unidos: un debate para la convivencia, edited by Tokatlian, Juan Gabriel. Buenos Aires: Grupo Impresor Latinoamericano.Google Scholar
Mesa-Lago, Carmelo 1969Availability and Reliability of Statistics in Socialist Cuba.” LARR 4, no. 1 (Winter):5991; and 4, no. 2 (Summer):47–81. 1971 “Economic Policies and Growth.” In Revolutionary Change in Cuba, edited by Carmelo Mesa-Lago. Pittsburgh, Pa.: University of Pittsburgh Press. 1981 The Economy of Socialist Cuba: A Two Decade Appraisal. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.Google Scholar
Mesa-Lago, Carmelo 1986Cuba's Centrally Planned Economy: An Equity Trade-Off for Growth.” In Latin American Political Economy: Financial Crisis and Political Change, edited by Hartlyn, Jonathan and Morley, Samuel A. Boulder, Colo.: Westview.Google Scholar
Mesa-Lago, Carmelo, and Diaz-Briquets, Sergio 1988Estrategias diferentes, países similares: las consequencias para el crecimiento y la equidad en Costa Rica y Cuba.” Anuario de Estudios Centroamericanos 14, nos. 1–2:523.Google Scholar
Mesa-Lago, Carmelo, and Gil, Fernando 1989Soviet Economic Relations with Cuba.” In The USSR and Latin America: A Developing Relationship, edited by Mujal-León, Eusebio. Winchester, Mass.: Unwin Hyman.Google Scholar
Mesa-Lago, Carmelo, and Perez-Lopez, Jorge 1985aEstimating Cuban Gross Domestic Product per Capita in Dollars Using Physical Indicators.” Social Indicators Research 16:275300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mesa-Lago, Carmelo 1985b A Study of Cuba's Material Product System, Its Conversion to the System of National Accounts, and Estimation of Gross Domestic Product per Capita and Growth Rates. World Bank Staff Working Paper no. 770. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.Google Scholar
Mesa-Lago, Carmelo 1985cImbroglios on the Cuban Economy: A Reply to Brundenius and Zimbalist.” Comparative Economic Studies 27, no. 1 (Spring):2145.Google Scholar
Mesa-Lago, Carmelo 1985dThe Endless Cuban Economic Saga: A Terminal Rebuttal.” Comparative Economic Studies 27, no. 4 (Winter):6782.Google Scholar
Mesa-Lago, Carmelo, and Zephirin, Luc 1971Central Planning.” In Revolutionary Change in Cuba, edited by Mesa-Lago, Carmelo, 145–84. Pittsburgh, Pa.: University of Pittsburgh Press.Google Scholar
Mina, Gianni 1988 Habla Fidel. Madrid: Mondadori España.Google Scholar
Moncarz, Raul 1989The Economics of Labor in Cuba: Factors Affecting Labor Productivity.” In jorge and suchlicki 1989, 4766.Google Scholar
Morales Rodriguez, Eliodoro E. 1984Particularidades del cálculo de la producción bruta agropecuaria.” Revista Estadística 7, no. 14 (Dec.):4150.Google Scholar
Nolff, Max 1964Industry.” In seers, ed., 1964, 283338.Google Scholar
O'CONNOR, JAMES 1970 The Origins of Socialism in Cuba. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Packenham, Robert A. 1986Capitalist Dependency and Socialist Dependency: The Case of Cuba.” Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 28, no. 1 (Spring):5992.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
PARTIDO COMUNISTA DE CUBA 1976Resolución sobre el Sistema de Dirección y Planificación de la Economía.” Economía y Desarrollo, no. 36 (July–Aug.):125–39.Google Scholar
Perez-Lopez, Jorge F. 1977An Index of Cuban Industrial Output, 1930–1958.” In Quantitative Latin American Studies: Methods and Findings, edited by Wilkie, James W. and Ruddle, Kenneth. Los Angeles: Latin American Center, University of California.Google Scholar
Perez-Lopez, Jorge F. 1985 The 1982 Cuban Joint-Venture Law: Context, Assessment, and Prospects. Coral Gables, Fla.: Graduate School of International Studies, University of Miami.Google Scholar
Perez-Lopez, Jorge F. 1986aThe Economics of Cuban Joint Ventures.” Cuban Studies 16:181207.Google Scholar
Perez-Lopez, Jorge F. 1986bReal Economic Growth in Cuba, 1965–1982Journal of Developing Areas 20 (Jan.):151–72.Google Scholar
Perez-Lopez, Jorge F. 1987aCuban Oil Reexports: Significance and Prospects.” The Energy Journal 8, no. 1:116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perez-Lopez, Jorge F. 1987b Measuring Cuban Economic Performance. Austin: University of Texas Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perez-Lopez, Jorge F. 1987c Sugar and the Cuban Economy: An Assessment. Coral Gables, Fla.: Research Institute for Cuban Studies, University of Miami.Google Scholar
Perez-Lopez, Jorge F. 1988aCuban Hard-Currency Trade and Oil Reexports.” In Socialist Cuba: Past Interpretations and Future Challenges, edited by Roca, Sergio G. Boulder, Colo.: Westview.Google Scholar
Perez-Lopez, Jorge F. 1988bCuban-Soviet Sugar Trade: Price and Subsidy Issues.” Bulletin of Latin American Research 7, no. 1:123–47CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perez-Lopez, Jorge F. 1989Sugar and Structural Change in the Cuban EconomyWorld Development 17, no. 10 (Oct.):1627–46.Google Scholar
Pino-Santos, Oscar, and Martinez, Osvaldo 1979 Relaciones económicas de Cuba con los países miembros del Consejo de Ayuda Mútua Económica (CAME). Santiago, Chile: CEPAL.Google Scholar
Pollitt, Brian 1967Estudios acerca del nivel de vida rural en la Cuba prerevolucionaria: un análisis crítico.” Teoría y Práctica, nos. 42–43 (Nov.–Dec.):3250.Google Scholar
Radell, Willard W. 1983Cuban-Soviet Sugar Trade, 1960–1976: How Large Was the Subsidy?Journal of Developing Areas 17, no. 3 (Apr.):365–82.Google Scholar
Ritter, Archibald R. M. 1979The Transferability of Cuba's Revolutionary Development Models.” In Cuba in the World, edited by Blasier, Cole and Mesa-Lago, Carmelo. Pittsburgh, Pa.: University of Pittsburgh Press.Google Scholar
Roca, Sergio G. 1984Rural Public Services in Socialist Cuba.” In Rural Public Services: International Comparisons, edited by Lonsdale, Richard E. and Enyedi, Gyorgy. Boulder, Colo.: Westview.Google Scholar
Roca, Sergio G. 1986State Enterprises in Cuba under the System of Planning and Management (SDPE).” Cuban Studies 16:153–79.Google Scholar
Roca, Sergio G. 1987Planners in Wonderland: A Reply to Zimbalist.” Cuban Studies 17:167–72.Google Scholar
Roca, Sergio G. 1988aCuban Planning: A Rebuttal to Zimbalist.” Cuban Studies 18:167–68.Google Scholar
Roca, Sergio G. 1988b Book review of Cuban Political Economy and Cuba's Socialist Economy toward the 1990s, edited by Andrew Zimbalist. Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 30, no. 1 (Spring):202–9.Google Scholar
Roca, Sergio G. 1988cCuba's International Economic Relations in the Late 1980s.” In roca, ed., 1988, 101–21.Google Scholar
Roca, Sergio G., ED. 1988 Socialist Cuba: Past Interpretations and Future Challenges. Boulder, Colo.: Westview.Google Scholar
Roca, Sergio G., and Hernandez, Roberto E. 1972Structural Economic Problems.” In Cuba, Castro, and Revolution, edited by Suchlicki, Jaime. Coral Gables. Fla.: University of Miami Press.Google Scholar
Rodriguez, Jose Luis 1982La economía cubana entre 1976 y 1980: resultados y perspectivas.” Economía y Desarrollo, no. 66 (Jan.–Feb.): 108–49.Google Scholar
Rodriguez, Jose Luis 1985Un enfoque burgués del sector externo de la economía cubana.” Cuba Socialista 5, no. 1 (Mar.–Apr):78104.Google Scholar
Rodriguez, Jose Luis 1986Las relaciones económicas Cuba-URSS, 1960–1985.” Temas de Economía Mundial, no. 17:933.Google Scholar
Rodriguez, Jose Luis 1988 Crítica a nuestros críticos. Havana: Editorial de Ciencias Sociales.Google Scholar
Rodriguez, Jose Luis, and Moreno, George Carriazo 1987 Erradicación de la pobreza en Cuba. Havana: Editorial de Ciencias Sociales.Google Scholar
Rodriguez Delgado, Steven, and Mulet, Nilda Riveron 1985Sobre los índices de precios minoristas en Cuba.” Economía y Desarrollo, no. 85 (Mar.–Apr.):155–76.Google Scholar
Salazar-Carrillo, Jorge 1989The National Economic Accounting System of Cuba: Notes on Its Evolution and Meaning.” In jorge and suchlicki 1989, 3545.Google Scholar
Sanchez, Pedro A., and Scobie, Grant M. 1986 Cuba and the CGIAR Centers. Washington, D.C.: World Bank for the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research.Google Scholar
Sanguinetty, Jorge A. 1990Cuban and Latin American Economics: Doctrine and Praxis.” In Cuba: The International Dimension, edited by Fauriol, Georges and Loser, Eva. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction.Google Scholar
Seers, Dudley 1964The Economic and Social Background.” In seers, ed., 1964, 361.Google Scholar
Seers, Dudley, ED. 1964 Cuba: The Economic and Social Revolution. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Staller, George 1962Czechoslovak Industrial Growth, 1948–1959.” American Economic Review 52, no. 3 (June):385407.Google Scholar
Thornton, Judith 1983Twenty-Five Years of Soviet National Income Accounting: From Adjusted Factor Cost to Ultra-Adjusted Factor Cost.” The ACES Bulletin 25, no. 3 (Fall):5367.Google Scholar
Torres Perez, Miguel, and Perez, Raul Carballosa 1985Análisis crítico de algunos planteamientos de la cubanología burguesa sobre la economía cubana.” Economía y Desarrollo, no. 89 (Nov.–Dec.):200215.Google Scholar
Turits, Richard 1987Trade, Debt, and the Cuban Economy.” World Development 15, no. 1 (Jan.): 163–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
UNITED NATIONS 1977 2977 Supplement to the Statistical Yearbook and the Monthly Bulletin of Statistics. New York: United Nations.Google Scholar
U.S. CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY 1975 Cuban Foreign Trade. Doc. no. ER75–69. Washington, D.C.: n.p.Google Scholar
U.S. CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY 1976 The Cuban Economy: A Statistical Review, 1968–1976. Doc. no. ER78–10708. Washington, D.C.: n.p.Google Scholar
U.S. CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY 1978 USSR: Toward a Reconciliation of Marxist and Western Measures of National Income. ER 78– 10505. Washington, D.C.: CIA National Foreign Assessment Center.Google Scholar
U.S. CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY 1981 The Cuban Economy: A Statistical Review. Doc. no. ER81–10052. Washington, D.C.: n.p.Google Scholar
U.S. CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY 1984 The Cuban Economy: A Statistical Review. Doc. no. ALA84–10052. Washington, D.C.: n.p.Google Scholar
U.S. CONGRESS, JOINT ECONOMIC COMMITTEE 1982 USSR: Measures of Economic Growth and Development, 1965–80. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
Valdes, Maria Teresa 1984La evolución de la producción azucarera en Cuba y su papel en las relaciones económicas externas.” Temas de Economía Mundial, no. 10:117–49.Google Scholar
Vazquez, Jose 1981 “Desarrollo azucarero.” Cuba Internacional (July):38–43.Google Scholar
Williamson, John 1990 The Progress of Reform in Latin America. Washington, D.C.: Institute for International Economics.Google Scholar
Zimbalist, Andrew 1982Soviet Aid, U.S. Blockade, and the Cuban Economy.” ACES Bulletin 24, no. 4 (Winter):137–46.Google Scholar
Valdes, Maria Teresa 1985Cuban Economic Planning: Organization and Performance.” In Cuba: Twenty-Five Years of Revolution, 1959–1984, edited by Halebsky, Sandor and Kirk, John M. New York: Praeger.Google Scholar
Valdes, Maria Teresa 1987aCuban Industrial Growth, 1965–1984.” World Development 15, no. 1 (Jan.):8393.Google Scholar
Valdes, Maria Teresa 1987bAnalyzing Cuban Planning: A Response to Roca.” Cuban Studies 17:159–65.Google Scholar
Valdes, Maria Teresa 1988aCuba's External Economy: Reflections on Export Dependence, Soviet Aid, and Foreign Debt.” Comparative Economic Studies 30, no. 2 (Summer):2146.Google Scholar
Valdes, Maria Teresa 1988bCuban Planning: A Rejoinder to Roca.” Cuban Studies 18:165–66.Google Scholar
Valdes, Maria Teresa 1988cCuba's Statistical and Price Systems: Interpretation and Reliability.” Latin American Perspectives 15, no. 2 (Spring):3149.Google Scholar
Zimbalist, Andrew, ED. 1987 Cuba's Socialist Economy towards the 1990s. Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner.Google Scholar
Valdes, Maria Teresa 1988 Cuban Political Economy: Controversies in Cubanology. Boulder, Colo.: Westview.Google Scholar
Zimbalist, Andrew, and Brundenius, Claes 1989 The Cuban Economy: Measurement and Analysis of Socialist Performance. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Zimbalist, Andrew, and Eckstein, Susan 1987Patterns of Cuban Development: The First Twenty-Five Years.” World Development 12, no. 1 (Jan.):522.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zuaznabar, Ismael 1986 La economía cubana en la década del 50. Havana: Editorial de Ciencias Sociales.Google Scholar