Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-7cvxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T16:39:57.242Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

“Growth With Equity” in Chile's New Democracy?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 October 2022

Kurt Weyland*
Affiliation:
Vanderbilt University
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The new democracy in Chile provides an interesting test case for two influential lines of thinking on Latin American political economy. Both these perspectives have claimed that the recently installed civilian regimes would find it exceedingly difficult to effect equity-enhancing change. One hypothesis has stressed the impediments posed by a capitalist free-market system to measures favoring the poor. The other has emphasized the obstacles presented by a transition to democracy that avoids a rupture with the preceding conservative dictatorship. Because the democratic government led by Patricio Aylwin (1990–1994) faced both types of constraints, it should have been particularly unlikely to achieve greater social fairness.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © 1997 by the University of Texas Press

Footnotes

I am grateful to David Bartlett, Edward Epstein, Evelyne Huber, Kenneth Roberts, Eduardo Silva, five anonymous LARR reviewers, and especially Wendy Hunter for many helpful comments. I would also like to thank the National Endowment for the Humanities and the University Research Council of Vanderbilt University for generous financial support of my field research.

References

REFERENCES

Aninat Ureta, Eduardo 1994 Exposición sobre el Estado de la Hacienda Pública. Santiago: Ministerio de Hacienda.Google Scholar
Arellano, Jose Pablo, and Marfan, Manuel 198725 años de política fiscal en Chile.” Colección Estudios CIEPLAN, no. 21 (June): 129–62.Google Scholar
Arriagada Herrera, Genaro, and Graham, Carol 1994Chile: Sustaining Adjustment during Democratic Transition.” In Voting for Reform, edited by Haggard, Stephan and Webb, Steven B., 242–89. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Ascher, William 1984 Scheming for the Poor. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Barrera, Manuel, and Valenzuela, J. Samuel 1986The Development of Labor Movement Opposition to the Military Regime.” In VALENZUELA AND VALENZUELA 1986, 230–69.Google Scholar
Bartell, Ernest, C., C. S. 1992 Business Perceptions and the Transition to Democracy in Chile. Kellogg Working Paper no. 184. Notre Dame, Ind.: Kellogg Institute, University of Notre Dame.Google Scholar
Boeninger, Edgardo 1985Desafíos económicos para la construcción de la democracia.” In Boeninger et al., Orden económico y democracia, 9–90. Santiago: Centro de Estudios del Desarrollo.Google Scholar
Boeninger, Edgardo 1990El marco político general y el marco institucional del próximo gobierno.” In MUÑOZ 1990, 4359.Google Scholar
Boeninger, Edgardo 1991The Chilean Political Transition to Democracy.” In From Dictatorship to Democracy, edited by Tulchin, Joseph S. and Varas, Augusto, 5560. Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner.Google Scholar
Burnett, Ben G. 1970 Political Groups in Chile. Austin: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Campero, Guillermo, and Cortazar, Rene 1986 Logics of Union Action in Chile. Kellogg Working Paper no. 85. Notre Dame, Ind.: Kellogg Institute, University of Notre Dame.Google Scholar
CastaÑEda, Tarcisio 1990 Para combatir la pobreza. Santiago: Centro de Estudios Públicos.Google Scholar
Castro T., Roberto 1994Pobreza en el Gran Santiago.” In Economía y trabajo en Chile, 1993–1994, edited by Ruiz-Tagle, Jaime and VelÁSquez, Mario, 97113. Santiago: Programa de Economía del Trabajo.Google Scholar
CEPAL (COMISION ECONOMICA PARA AMERICA LATINA Y EL CARIBE) 1991Una estimación de la magnitud de la pobreza en Chile, 1987.” Colección Estudios CIEPLAN, no. 31 (Mar.):107–29.Google Scholar
CIASI (CENTRO DE INVESTIGACION Y ASESORIA SINDICAL) 1990 Documentos de la Concertación Sindical/Empresarial. Serie Documentos no. 5. Santiago: CIASI.Google Scholar
CIS (COMITE INTERMINISTERIAL SOCIAL) 1994 Programa Nacional de Superación de la Pobreza: Compromisos del gobierno 1994 y prioridades 1995. Santiago: CIS.Google Scholar
Cleaves, Peter S. 1974 Bureaucratic Politics and Administration in Chile. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.Google Scholar
CONGRESO NACIONAL 1990 Historia Ley 18.985, Ley de Reforma Tributaria. Santiago: Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional.Google Scholar
CONGRESO NACIONAL 1992 Historia de la Ley 19.010: Terminación del Contrato de Trabajo. Santiago: Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional.Google Scholar
CONSEJO NACIONAL PARA LA SUPERACION DE LA POBREZA 1995 Segundo estado de avance. Santiago: n.p.Google Scholar
CPC (CONFEDERACION DE LA PRODUCCION Y DEL COMERCIO) 1990 Cuenta de la presidencia de Don Manuel Feliú Justiniano. Santiago: CPC.Google Scholar
CPC (CONFEDERACION DE LA PRODUCCION Y DEL COMERCIO) 1993 Posición tributaria de la Confederación de la Producción y del Comercio. Santiago: CPC.Google Scholar
CUT (CENTRAL UNITARIA DE TRABAJADORES) 1993 Propuesta de la CUT para el proximo período presidencial del país. Santiago: CUT.Google Scholar
Diaz, Eugenio 1991 Hacia un nuevo proyecto del sindicalismo. Serie Documentos no. 7. Santiago: Centro de Investigación y Asesoría Sindical.Google Scholar
Drake, Paul, and Jaksic, Ivan, EDS. 1991 The Struggle for Democracy in Chile, 1982–1990. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.Google Scholar
Edwards, Alejandra Cox, and Edwards, Sebastian 1992Markets and Democracy: Lessons from Chile.” World Economy 15, no. 2 (Mar.): 203–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Epstein, Edward C. 1993Labor and Political Stability in the New Chilean Democracy.” Revista de Economía y Trabajo 1, no. 2 (July–Dec.):4764.Google Scholar
Fagen, Richard R. 1978Equity in the South in the Context of North-South Relations.” In Albert Fishlow, Carlos F. Díaz-Alejandro, Richard R. Fagen, and Roger D. Hansen, Rich and Poor Nations in the World Economy, 163–214. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Feliu, Manuel 1988 La empresa de la libertad. Santiago: Zig-Zag.Google Scholar
Flisfisch, Angel 1989 La política como compromiso democrático. Santiago: Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales.Google Scholar
Flisfisch, Angel 1994La gestión estratégica de un proceso de transición y consolidación.” Proposiciones, no. 25 (Oct.):2033.Google Scholar
Fontaine Talavera, Bernardo 1989Sobre la Ley de Impuesto a la Renta.” Estudios Públicos, no. 34 (Fall):91114.Google Scholar
Fortunatti, Rodolfo 1991Concertación Social.” In Economía y trabajo en Chile, 1990–1991, edited by Rivas, Gonzalo, 5779. Santiago: Programa de Economía del Trabajo.Google Scholar
Foxley, Alejandro 1985 Para una democracia estable. Santiago: Corporación de Investigaciones Económicas para Latinoamérica.Google Scholar
Foxley, Alejandro 1987 Chile y su futuro. Santiago: CIEPLAN.Google Scholar
Foxley, Alejandro 1990La política económica para la transición.” In MUÑOZ 1990, 101–19.Google Scholar
Foxley, Alejandro 1993 Economía política de la transición. Santiago: Dolmen.Google Scholar
Frias, Patricio 1994Sindicatos en la transición.” In Economía y trabajo en Chile, 1993–1994, edited by Ruiz-Tagle, Jaime and VelÁSquez, Mario, 5573. Santiago: Programa de Economía del Trabajo.Google Scholar
Galleguillos, Nibaldo, and Jorge, Nef 1992Chile: Redemocratization or the Entrenchment of Counterrevolution?” In Latin America to the Year 2000, edited by Archibald Ritter, Maxwell Cameron, and Pollock, David, 177–93. New York: Praeger.Google Scholar
Garreton M., Manuel Antonio 1992El aprendizaje político en la redemocratización chilena.” Paper presented to the Latin American Studies Association, 24–27 Sept., Los Angeles, California.Google Scholar
Gatica B., Jaime, and V., Reinaldo Ruiz 1993 La reducción de la pobreza durante el gobierno de la Concertación, 1990–1992. Santiago: Ministerio de Planificación y Cooperación.Google Scholar
Graham, Carol 1994 Safety Nets, Politics, and the Poor. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution.Google Scholar
Hagopian, Frances 1990Democracy by Undemocratic Means?Comparative Political Studies 23, no. 2 (July):147–70.Google Scholar
Hojman, David E. 1990Chile after Pinochet.” Bulletin of Latin American Research 9, no. 1:2547.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
INE (INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE ESTADISTICAS) 1994 Resultados: Encuesta Suplementaria de Ingresos, 1990–1993. Santiago: INE.Google Scholar
INE (INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE ESTADISTICAS) 1995 Tasas de desocupación a nivel nacional y regional. Santiago: INE.Google Scholar
Karl, Terry Lynn 1990Dilemmas of Democratization in Latin America.” Comparative Politics 23, no. 1 (Oct.):121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaufman, Robert R., and Stallings, Barbara 1991The Political Economy of Latin American Populism.” In The Macroeconomics of Populism in Latin America, edited by Dornbusch, RÜDiger and Edwards, SebastiÁN, 1534. Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Kirchheimer, Otto 1966The Transformation of the Western European Party Systems.” In Political Parties and Political Development, edited by Lapalombara, Joseph and Weiner, Myron, 177200. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LarraÑAga, Osvaldo 1994 Pobreza, crecimiento y desigualdad: Chile, 1987–92. Serie Investigación I-77. Santiago: Instituto Latinoamericano de Doctrina y Estudios Sociales (ILADES) and Georgetown University.Google Scholar
Lehmbruch, Gerhard 1977Liberal Corporatism and Party Government.” Comparative Political Studies 10, no. 1 (Apr.):91126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Magendzo N., Dafna, and C., Alejandra Vega 1994 Distribución del ingreso, 1990–1993. Santiago: Ministerio de Planificación y Cooperación.Google Scholar
Mainwaring, Scott 1991Politicians, Parties, and Electoral Systems: Brazil in Comparative Perspective.” Comparative Politics 24, no. 1 (Oct.):2143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MINISTERIO DE ECONOMIA, FORO DEL DESARROLLO PRODUCTIVO 1994 Prioridades del desarrollo productivo. Santiago: n.p.Google Scholar
MINISTERIO DE HACIENDA 1994 Inversión en las personas: Recursos y políticas para el desarrollo con equidad en Chile. Santiago: Ministerio de Hacienda.Google Scholar
MINISTERIO DE HACIENDA, DIRECCION DE PRESUPUESTOS 1993a Estadísticas de las finanzas públicas, 1989–1992. Santiago: Ministerio de Hacienda.Google Scholar
MINISTERIO DE HACIENDA, DIRECCION DE PRESUPUESTOS 1993b Gastos financiados con la reforma tributaria. Santiago: Ministerio de Hacienda.Google Scholar
MINISTERIO DE SALUD 1994 Bases para un plan de fortalecimiento del sector público de salud. Santiago: Ministerio de Salud.Google Scholar
Montecinos, Veronica 1993 Economic Policy Elites and Democratic Consolidation. Kellogg Working Paper no. 191. Notre Dame, Ind.: Kellogg Institute, University of Notre Dame.Google Scholar
Morley, Samuel 1995Structural Adjustment and the Determinants of Poverty in Latin America.” In Coping with Austerity: Poverty and Inequality in Latin America, edited by Lustig, Nora, 4270. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution.Google Scholar
Munck, Gerardo L. 1994Democratic Stability and Its Limits.” Journal of Inter-American Studies and World Affairs 36, no. 2 (Summer):138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MuÑOz, Oscar, ED. 1990 Transición a la democracia. Santiago: Corporación de Investigaciones Económicas para Latinoamérica.Google Scholar
North, Douglass C. 1990 Institutions, Institutional Change, and Economic Performance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Donnell, Guillermo A. 1988Transições, continuidades e alguns paradoxos.” In A Democracia no Brasil, edited by Fábio Wanderley Reis and Guillermo A. O'Donnell, 41–71. São Paulo: Vértice.Google Scholar
O'Donnell, Guillermo A. 1993On the State, Democratization, and Some Conceptual Problems.” World Development 21, no. 8 (Aug.):1355–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Offe, Claus 1984 Contradictions of the Welfare State. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Olson, Mancur 1971 The Logic of Collective Action. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Olson, Mancur 1982 The Rise and Decline of Nations. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Olson, Mancur 1986A Theory of the Incentives Facing Political Organizations.” International Political Science Review 7, no. 2 (Apr.):165–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ortega Frei, Eugenio 1992 Historia de una alianza. Santiago: Centro de Estudios del Desarrollo and Centro de Estudios Sociales.Google Scholar
Oxhorn, Philip 1994Understanding Political Change after Authoritarian Rule.” Journal of Latin American Studies 26, no. 3 (Oct.):737–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pereira, Rafael 1992Reformas a la legislación del trabajo.” In Economía y trabajo en Chile, 1991–1992, edited by VelÁSquez, Mario, 153–70. Santiago: Programa de Economía del Trabajo.Google Scholar
Petras, James, Leiva, Fernando Ignacio, and Veltmeyer, Henry 1994 Democracy and Poverty in Chile. Boulder, Colo.: Westview.Google Scholar
Przeworski, Adam, and Limongi, Fernando 1993Political Regimes and Economic Growth.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 7, no. 3 (Summer):5169.Google Scholar
Rehren, Alfredo 1993La presidencia en el gobierno de la Concertación.” Estudios Sociales, no. 75 (1st quarter):1538.Google Scholar
Remmer, Karen L. 1991 Military Rule in Latin America. Boulder, Colo.: Westview.Google Scholar
Remmer, Karen L. 1992–1993The Process of Democratization in Latin America.” Studies in Comparative International Development 27, no. 4 (Winter):324.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ritter, Archibald R. M. 1992 Development Strategy and Structural Adjustment in Chile. Ottawa: North-South Institute.Google Scholar
Roberts, Kenneth Morgan 1992In Search of a New Identity: Dictatorship, Democracy, and the Evolution of the Left in Chile and Peru.” Ph.D. diss., Stanford University.Google Scholar
Rojas MiÑO, Irene 1991Las reformas laborales.” In Economía y trabajo en Chile, 1990–1991, edited by Rivas, Gonzalo, 8198. Santiago: Programa de Economía del Trabajo.Google Scholar
Rosende R., Francisco 1993La economía chilena en el gobierno de la Concertación.” Estudios Sociales, no. 75 (1st quarter):5776.Google Scholar
Sachs, Jeffrey D. 1989 Social Conflict and Populist Policies in Latin America. NBER Working Paper no. 2,897. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scully, Timothy R., C.S.C. 1992 Rethinking the Center: Party Politics in Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Chile. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Scully, Timothy R., C.S.C. n.d. “The Political Underpinnings of Economic Liberalization in Chile.” Manuscript, University of Notre Dame.Google Scholar
Silva, Eduardo 1992–1993Capitalist Regime Loyalties and Redemocratization in Chile.” Journal of Inter-American Studies and World Affairs 34, no. 4 (Winter):77117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Teitelboim, Berta 1994 Situación de la pobreza en Chile, 1987–1992. Santiago: Ministerio de Planificación y Cooperación.Google Scholar
Valenzuela, Arturo 1978 The Breakdown of Democratic Regimes: Chile. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Valenzuela, Arturo 1994Party Politics and the Crisis of Presidentialism in Chile.” In The Failure of Presidential Democracy: The Case of Latin America, edited by Linz, Juan J. and Valenzuela, Arturo, 91150. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Valenzuela, J. Samuel 1989Labor Movements in Transitions to Democracy.” Comparative Politics 21, no. 4 (July):445–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Valenzuela, J. Samuel, and Valenzuela, Arturo, EDS. 1986 Military Rule in Chile. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Valenzuela S., Mario 1990El alza del salario mínimo.” Economía y Administración, no. 87 (May):610.Google Scholar
Vergara, Pilar 1993 Ruptura y continuidad en la política social del gobierno democrático. Estudios Sociales no. 44. Santiago: Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weyland, Kurt 1996 Democracy without Equity: Failures of Reform in Brazil. Pittsburgh, Pa.: University of Pittsburgh Press.Google Scholar