Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-v9fdk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-15T10:17:38.043Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Strengths and Limits of the NGO Women's Movement Model: Shaping Nicaragua's Democratic Institutions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 October 2022

Christina Ewig*
Affiliation:
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

This article examines the political interactions in Nicaragua between the NGO-based feminist movement and government institutions on the issue of women's health in the mid-1990s. Analysis of the Nicaraguan feminist movement yields insight into the ability of NGO-based movements to influence state policy and into the strengths and limits of using NGOs as an institutional base on which to build a social movement. By defining the mechanisms of state-NGO interactions and analyzing the democratic potential of an NGO-based social movement, this article contributes to understanding of both NGOs and social movements in the context of newly democratic governments.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © 1999 by the University of Texas Press

Footnotes

*

I am grateful to the Tinker Foundation and the Institute for Latin American Studies at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill for partial financial support for this research. A previous version of this article was presented to the American Political Science Association, 28-31 August 1997, in Washington, D.C. For helpful comments on that paper, I would like to thank Karen Kampwirth. I would also like to thank Jonathan Hartlyn and Evelyne Huber for their suggestions on prior drafts of this study and the three anonymous LARR reviewers for their thoughtful comments.

References

alvarez, sonia 1990 Engendering Democracy in Brazil: Women's Movements and Transition Politics. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
barrig, maruja 1989The Difficult Equilibrium between Bread and Roses: Women's Organizations and the Transition from Dictatorship to Democracy in Peru.” In jaquette 1989, 114–48.Google Scholar
beaumont, martin, gamero, julio, and del carmen piazza, maria 1996 ONGs y política social. Lima: DESCO.Google Scholar
bebbington, anthony, and thiele, graham 1993 Non-Governmental Organizations and the State in Latin America: Rethinking Roles in Sustainable Agricultural Development. Non-Governmental Organizations Series. London: Routledge and the Overseas Development Institute.Google Scholar
bock, gisela, and thane, pat, eds. 1991 Maternity and Gender Policies: Women and the Rise of European Welfare States, 1880s-1950s. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
carroll, thomas f. 1992 Intermediary NGOs: The Supporting Link in Grassroots Development. West Hartford, Conn.: Kumarian.Google Scholar
chinchilla, norma 1994Feminism, Revolution, and Democratic Transitions in Nicaragua.” In jaquette 1994, 177–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
clark, john 1991 Democratizing Development: The Role of Voluntary Organizations. Hartford, Conn.: Kumarian.Google Scholar
collinson, helen, ed. 1990 Women and Revolution in Nicaragua. London: Zed.Google Scholar
deighton, jane, horsley, rossana, stewart, sarah, and cain, cathy 1983 Sweet Ramparts: Women in Revolutionary Nicaragua. London: War on Want and the Nicaraguan Solidarity Campaign.Google Scholar
diaz-albertini, javier 1993Nonprofit Advocacy in Weakly Institutionalized Political Systems: The Case of NGDOs in Lima, Peru.” Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 22, no. 4 (Winter):317–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
dolan, jane m. 1993Gender, Militarism, and the State in Nicaragua: The Emergence of Feminism in a Political Culture of Violence.” Ph.D. diss., University of Wisconsin-Madison.Google Scholar
eckstein, susan, ed. 1989 Power and Popular Protest: Latin American Social Movements. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.Google Scholar
edwards, michael, and hulme, david 1996 Beyond the Magic Bullet: NGO Performance and Accountability in the Post Cold War. West Hartford, Conn.: Kumarian.Google Scholar
encuentro nacional de consulta 1994 Diagnóstico y propuestas de acción, Documento preliminar: Acción para la igualdad, el desarrollo y la paz. IV Conferencia Mundial sobre la Mujer, Beijing 1995. Managua: Encuentro Nacional de Consulta.Google Scholar
escobar, arturo, and alvarez, sonia e., eds. 1992 The Making of Social Movements in Latin America. Boulder, Colo.: Westview.Google Scholar
esping andersen, gosta 1985 Politics against Markets: The Social Democratic Road to Power. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
evans, trevor 1995 La transformación neoliberal del sector publico. Managua: Latino.Google Scholar
ewig, christina 1997 NGOs, Democracy, and Development: Health Advocacy and Health Delivery Lessons from Nicaragua. Carolina Papers in International Health and Development. Chapel Hill, N.C.: University Center for International Studies.Google Scholar
fisher, julie 1992Local Governments and the Independent Sector in the Third World.” In McCarthy, Kathleen D., Hodgkinson, Virginia A., Russy, D. , Sumariwalla et al., The Nonprofit Sector in the Global Community, 7089. San Francisco, Calif.: Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar
flores cardenas, ivania 1992 Desarrollo de la actividad del Comité de Análisis e Interrupción del Embarazo en Relación al Aborto Terapeutico. Managua: Hospital Bertha Calderón, Ministerio de Salud.Google Scholar
gonzalez, alejandro 1997Municipalities: Where Democracy Is Born.” envio 16, no. 189 (Apr.):1823.Google Scholar
hellman, judith adler 1995The Riddle of New Social Movements: Who They Are and What They Do.” In Capital Power and Inequality in Latin America, edited by Halebsky, Sandor and Harris, Richard L., 165–83. Boulder, Colo.: Westview.Google Scholar
ixchen 1994 Anuario 1994, “¡IXCHEN está con vos!” Managua: IXCHEN.Google Scholar
jaquette, jane s., ed. 1989 The Women's Movement in Latin America: Feminism and the Transition to Democracy. London: Unwin Hyman.Google Scholar
jaquette, jane s., ed. 1994 The Women's Movement in Latin America: Participation and Democracy. Boulder, Colo.: Westview.Google Scholar
jelin, elizabeth, ed. 1990 Women and Social Change in Latin America. London: Zed.Google Scholar
kampwirth, karen 1997Social Policy.” In Nicaragua without Illusions, edited by Walker, Thomas, 115–29. Wilmington, Del.: Scholarly Resources.Google Scholar
korpi, walter 1983 The Democratic Class Struggle. Boston, Mass.: Routledge and Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
koven, seth, and michel, sonya 1993 Mothers of the New World: Maternalist Politics and the Origins of the Welfare State. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
landim, leilah 1987 “Nongovernmental Organizations in Latin America.” Translated by Charles Roberts. World Development 15, supplement.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
loveman, brian 1994Las ONG chilenas: Su papel en la transición a la democracia.” In reilly, ed., 1994, 135–63.Google Scholar
mccarthy, john d., and zald, mayer m. 1975Resource Mobilization and Social Movements: A Partial Theory.” American Journal of Sociology 82, no. 6 (Sept.):1212–41.Google Scholar
macdonald, laura 1997 Supporting Civil Society: The Political Role of Non-Governmental Organizations in Central America. New York: St. Martin's.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
mainwaring, scott, and viola, eduardo 1984New Social Movements, Political Culture, and Democracy: Brazil and Argentina in the 1980s.” Telos, no. 61 (Fall):1752.Google Scholar
melucci, alberto 1989 Nomads of the Present: Social Movements and Individual Needs in Contemporary Society. Philadelphia, Pa.: Temple University Press.Google Scholar
morgan, martha i. 1990Founding Mothers: Women's Voices and Stories in the 1987 Nicaraguan Constitution.” Boston University Law Review 70, no. 1 (Jan.):1107.Google Scholar
mujer y cambio, instituto de investigaciones 1994 Directorio: Organismos que trabajan con mujeres en Nicaragua. Managua: Centro Editorial de la Mujer.Google Scholar
nicaragua, ministerio de salud 1992 Comisión Nacional de Lucha contra la Mortalidad Materna. Managua: Ministerio de Salud.Google Scholar
nicaragua, ministerio de salud 1993 Política nacional de salud. Managua: Ministerio de Salud.Google Scholar
nicaragua, ministerio de salud 1995 Atención integral a la mujer y la niñez. Managua: Ministerio de Salud.Google Scholar
nicaragua, republica de 1995 Informe oficial de Nicaragua para la Conferencia Mundial sobre La Mujer: Beijing, China, Septiembre 1995. Managua: República de Nicaragua.Google Scholar
ocon n., maria dolores 1992Los servicios alternativos de la salud de la mujer en Nicaragua.” Managua: Organización Panamericana de la Salud, Programa Mujer, Salud y Desarrollo.Google Scholar
ocon n., maria dolores 1993Los servicios alternativos de la salud de la mujer en Nicaragua.” Managua: Organización Panamericana de la Salud, Programa Mujer, Salud y Desarrollo.Google Scholar
ops (organizacion panamericana de la salud) 1994 Las condiciones de salud en las Américas. Vol. 2. Washington, D.C.: Organización Panamericana de Salud.Google Scholar
pizarro, ana maria 1988 Comportamiento del problema del aborto inducido ilegalmente en el Hospital Bertha Calderón: 19 de Julio al 31 de Agosto, 1988. Managua: Hospital Bertha Calderón and the Ministerio de Salud.Google Scholar
portugal, ana maria, and matamala, maria isabel 1993Women's Health Movement: A View of the Decade.” In Gender, Women, and Health in the Americas, edited by Gómez, Elsa Gómez, 269–80. Washington D.C.: Pan American Health Organization.Google Scholar
randall, margaret 1992 Gathering Rage: The Failure of 20th Century Revolutions to Develop a Feminist Agenda. New York: Monthly Review Press.Google Scholar
reilly, charles a. 1994Las políticas públicas y la ciudadanía.” In reilly, ed., 1994, 130.Google Scholar
reilly, charles a., ed. 1994 Nuevas políticas urbanas: Las ONG y los gobiernos municipales en la democratización latinoamericana. Arlington, Va.: Fundación Interamericana.Google Scholar
reilly, charles a., ed. 1995 New Paths to Democratic Development in Latin America: The Rise of NGO-Municipal Collaboration. Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner.Google Scholar
ritchey-vance, marion 1996Social Capital, Sustainability, and Working Democracy: New Yardsticks for Grassroots Development.” Grassroots Development 20, no. 1:29 (published by the Inter American Foundation).Google Scholar
rochon, thomas r., and mazmanian, daniel a. 1993Social Movements and the Policy Process.” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences 528 (July):7587.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
saint-germain, michelle a. 1993Paths to Power of Women Legislators in Costa Rica and Nicaragua.” Women's Studies International Forum 16, no. 2:119–38.Google Scholar
salinas, judith, and solimano, giorgio 1995Chilean Health NGOs.” In reilly, ed., 1995, 145–63.Google Scholar
santana rodriguez, pedro 1995Local Governments, Decentralization, and Democracy in Colombia.” In reilly, ed., 1995, 165–77.Google Scholar
smith, christian 1996 Resisting Reagan. Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
steinmo, sven, and thelen, kathleen 1992Historical Institutionalism in Comparative Politics.” In Structuring Politics: Historical Institutionalism in Comparative Analysis, edited by Steinmo, Sven, Thelen, Kathleen, and Longstreth, Frank. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
stephens, john d. 1979 The Transition from Capitalism to Socialism. London: Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
tarrow, sidney 1994 Power in Movement: Social Movements, Collective Action, and Politics. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
theunis, sjef, ed. 1992 Non-Governmental Development Organizations of Developing Countries. Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.Google Scholar
touraine, alain 1988 Return of the Actor: Social Theory in Postindustrial Society. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
whisnant, david e. 1995 Rascally Signs and Sacred Places: The Politics of Culture in Nicaragua. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
world bank 1994Nicaragua: Second Economic Recovery Credit.” World Bank Project Information Document. Washington D.C.: World Bank.Google Scholar