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Article contents
The alleged tension between the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration and state sovereignty: ‘Much Ado about Nothing’?
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 27 May 2020
Abstract
In a landmark effort to finally acknowledge the necessity to jointly respond to the global phenomenon of large movements of refugees and migrants, the process initiated in 2016 with the approval of the New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants eventually led to the adoption of two UN Global Compacts, respectively the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (GCM) and the Global Compact on Refugees (GCR). Despite the enthusiastic support shown at first by the international community, the GCM negotiations have been more controversial and ultimately shaken by the clamorous withdrawals of several states. The main argument used by the withdrawing governments to justify the sudden refusal to adopt the GCM was based on the claim that the document − although non-binding − undermines the ‘sovereign right’ of the state. Such a claim, given the centrality that the principle of state sovereignty has acquired since the Peace of Westphalia, deserves to be further analysed from an international law perspective by resorting to the ‘sovereignty test’ developed by Schrijver. The present work, after briefly introducing the main tenets of the GCM, applies the ‘sovereignty test’ to the GCM to dissect the alleged tension between state sovereignty on the one hand and the shared approach to international migration envisaged by the pact on the other. This article’s ultimate goal is to prove that the GCM does not aim to restrain state sovereignty; rather, it strives to remind states of existing international commitments already undertaken at the regional and global level.
Keywords
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- © Foundation of the Leiden Journal of International Law 2020
References
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75 Ibid.
76 Ibid., para. 17.
77 Ibid., para. 21 (emphasis added).
78 Ibid., para. 23.
79 Chair’s summary, Preparatory (stocktaking) meeting, 4–6 December 2017, Puerto Vallarta, Mexico, available at refugeesmigrants.un.org/sites/default/files/171222_final_pv_summary_0.pdf.
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83 The letter of appointment of Ms. Arbour, which unfortunately did not specify the tasks of her role, is available at www.un.org/pga/71/wp-content/uploads/sites/40/2015/08/letter-for-SG-appointment-of-Arbour-as-SG-of-migration-conference.pdf.
84 A summary of all the interventions, mostly made by states, that took place during the plenary meetings is available at www.un.org/press/en/2018/dev3378.doc.htm.
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86 Ibid., at 4, para. 15 (emphasis added).
87 Ibid., at 18, para. 27.
88 Ibid.
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115 See Section 2.2, infra.
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119 Global Compact for Migration, supra note 12, at 33, para. 48 (emphasis added).
120 Ibid., at 32, para. 41.
121 See Section 2.2, infra. See E. Guild and T. Basaran, ‘The UN’s Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration: Analysis of the Final Draft and Monitoring Implementation’, August 2019, available at rli.blogs.sas.ac.uk/themed-content/global-compact-for-migration/.
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123 Ibid., at 33, para. 49(b).
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129 Ibid., at para. 4.
130 Paris Agreement, supra note 125, Art. 13(11).
131 See Falkner, supra note 127, at 1121.
132 Global Compact for Migration, supra note 12, at 34, para. 54.
133 Ibid., at 33, para. 45(a).
134 Ibid., at 32, para. 41, where states emphasize that the Global Compact is to be implemented in a manner that is consistent with their rights and obligations under the exiting legal framework.
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150 Nishimura Ekiu v. United States, 142 US 659 (Sup.Ct. 1892).