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On time or fashionably late for lichen discoveries in Singapore? Seven new species and nineteen new records of Graphidaceae from the Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, a highly urbanized tropical environment in South-East Asia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 May 2015

Gothamie Weerakoon ,
Kang Min Ngo ,
Shawn Lum ,
H. Thorsten Lumbsch  and
Robert Lücking
Gothamie Weerakoon
Affiliation:
Science and Education, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605-2496, USA. Email: gothamiew@yahoo.com
Kang Min Ngo
Affiliation:
Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 Create Way, #09-03 CREATE Tower, Singapore 138602.
Shawn Lum
Affiliation:
Natural Sciences and Science Education Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616.
H. Thorsten Lumbsch
Affiliation:
Science and Education, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605-2496, USA. Email: gothamiew@yahoo.com
Robert Lücking
Affiliation:
Science and Education, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605-2496, USA. Email: gothamiew@yahoo.com
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Abstract

Based on collections focusing on Graphidaceae made in 2012 at Bukit Timah Nature Reserve (BTNR) in Singapore, seven new species are described: Astrochapsa sipmanii, differing from A. astroidea in the olive-brown thallus and thick and coarse apothecial pruina; Fissurina duplomarginata, differing from F. insidiosa by the double margin of the lirellae and the more greenish, rough thallus; Graphis bukittimaensis, differing from G. phaeospora in the erumpent lirellae with lateral thalline margin and the consistently 1-spored asci; G. singaporensis, differing from G. novopalmicola in the much smaller ascospores and in the immersed, densely branched lirellae with thin lateral thalline margin; Ocellularia subudupiensis, differing from O. udupiensis in the presence of three unknown secondary substances and in the comparatively rough thallus surface; O. gueidaniana, characterized by small, transversely septate, hyaline ascospores, prominent, carbonized but ecolumellate apothecia, and two unknown chemical substances resembling metabolites in the stictic acid chemosyndrome; and O. rivasplatana, differing from O. exigua in the larger, broad-pored apothecia with black-rimmed margin and filled with a black-topped columella. Nineteen species are recognized as new records for Singapore. The substantial diversity of Graphidaceae in this reserve suggests that many more taxa are awaiting discovery, even in such a highly urbanized location.

Keywords

FissurinaGraphisOcellulariarainforesttaxonomytropical lichen diversity
Type
Articles
Information
The Lichenologist , Volume 47 , Issue 3 , May 2015 , pp. 157 - 166
Copyright
© British Lichen Society, 2015 

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