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The phenotypic features used for distinguishing species within the Cladonia furcata complex are highly homoplasious

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 September 2015

Raquel Pino-Bodas ,
Ana R. Burgaz ,
María P. Martín ,
Teuvo Ahti ,
Soili Stenroos ,
Mats Wedin  and
H. Thorsten Lumbsch
Raquel Pino-Bodas
Affiliation:
Botany Unit, Finnish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 7, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. Email: raquel.pinobodas@helsinki.fi
Ana R. Burgaz
Affiliation:
Departamento Biología Vegetal 1, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
María P. Martín
Affiliation:
Departamento de Micología, Real Jardín Botánico, RJB-CSIC, E-28014 Madrid, Spain
Teuvo Ahti
Affiliation:
Botany Unit, Finnish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 7, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. Email: raquel.pinobodas@helsinki.fi
Soili Stenroos
Affiliation:
Botany Unit, Finnish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 7, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. Email: raquel.pinobodas@helsinki.fi
Mats Wedin
Affiliation:
Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden
H. Thorsten Lumbsch
Affiliation:
Science & Education, The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA
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Abstract

The Cladonia furcata complex treated here comprises C. farinacea, C. furcata, C. multiformis, C. scabriuscula, C. stereoclada, and C. subrangiformis. The well-known taxonomic complexity of this group is caused by wide phenotypic variation and high morphological similarity among the species, for which reason we investigated the distribution in the phylogeny of the phenotypic characters traditionally used to distinguish the species in this complex. A phylogenetic analysis of the C. furcata complex is presented here, based on three loci (ITS rDNA, IGS rDNA and RPB2), representing specimens from a broad geographical range (Europe, North America and New Zealand). The phylogenetic reconstructions were performed using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian analyses. In addition, 14 features traditionally used for species delimitation within this complex were mapped onto the Bayesian phylogeny. All the species currently accepted, with the exception of C. stereoclada, turned out to be polyphyletic. Most of the phenotypic characters studied are highly homoplasious with the exception of the podetium type. The solid podetia represent a diagnostic character of C. stereoclada.

Keywords

homoplasylichenmolecular phylogenyphenotypic characters
Type
Articles
Information
The Lichenologist , Volume 47 , Supplement 5 , September 2015 , pp. 287 - 303
Copyright
© British Lichen Society, 2015 

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