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Photoprotection in lichens: adaptations of photobionts to high light

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 March 2021

Richard Peter Beckett Open the ORCID record for Richard Peter Beckett [Opens in a new window] ,
Farida Minibayeva Open the ORCID record for Farida Minibayeva [Opens in a new window] ,
Knut Asbjørn Solhaug Open the ORCID record for Knut Asbjørn Solhaug [Opens in a new window]  and
Thomas Roach Open the ORCID record for Thomas Roach [Opens in a new window]
Richard Peter Beckett*
Affiliation:
School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville3209, South Africa Open Lab ‘Biomarker’, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kremlevskaya str. 18, Kazan420008, Russia
Farida Minibayeva
Affiliation:
Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center ‘Kazan Scientific Center of RAS’, P.O. Box 261, Kazan420111, Russia
Knut Asbjørn Solhaug
Affiliation:
Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
Thomas Roach
Affiliation:
Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, Innsbruck6020, Austria
*
Author for correspondence: Richard Peter Beckett. E-mail: rpbeckett@gmail.com
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Abstract

Lichens often grow in microhabitats where they are exposed to severe abiotic stresses such as desiccation and temperature extremes. They are also often exposed to levels of light that are greater than lichen photobionts can use in carbon fixation. Unless regulated, excess energy absorbed by the photobionts can convert ground state oxygen to reactive oxygen species (ROS). These ROS can attack the photosynthetic apparatus, causing photoinhibition and photo-oxidative stress, reducing the ability of the photobionts to fix carbon. Here, we outline our current understanding of the effects of high light on lichens and the mechanisms they use to mitigate or tolerate this stress in hydrated and desiccated states. Tolerance to high light can be achieved first by lowering ROS formation, via synthesizing light screening pigments or by thermally dissipating the excess light energy absorbed; second, by scavenging ROS once formed; or third, by repairing ROS-induced damage. While the primary focus of this review is tolerance to high light in lichen photobionts, our knowledge is rather fragmentary, and therefore we also include recent findings in free-living relatives to stimulate new lines of research in the study of high light tolerance in lichens.

Keywords

ascorbate glutathione pathwayhigh light stressnon-photochemical quenchingPSII repair cyclesecondary metabolites
Type
Reviews
Information
The Lichenologist , Volume 53 , Issue 1 , January 2021 , pp. 21 - 33
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the British Lichen Society

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