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Phylogenetic relationships among reindeer lichens of North America

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 May 2016

Sarangi N. P. ATHUKORALA ,
Raquel PINO-BODAS ,
Soili STENROOS ,
Teuvo AHTI  and
Michele D. PIERCEY-NORMORE
Sarangi N. P. ATHUKORALA
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3T 2N2.
Raquel PINO-BODAS
Affiliation:
Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 7, FI-00014University of Helsinki, Finland
Soili STENROOS
Affiliation:
Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 7, FI-00014University of Helsinki, Finland
Teuvo AHTI
Affiliation:
Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 7, FI-00014University of Helsinki, Finland
Michele D. PIERCEY-NORMORE*
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3T 2N2.
*
Email: Michele.Piercey-Normore@umanitoba.ca
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Abstract

Cladonia is one of the largest lichen-forming ascomycete genera. It was formerly divided into ten sections, three of which, Crustaceae (Cladina), Tenues, and Impexae, are called the reindeer lichens. While previous studies have elucidated the relationships between species and sections, they often examined only one or a few specimens of each species in the analysis. This study examined the monophyly of selected members of sections Crustaceae, Tenues, and Impexae and their relationships in the genus Cladonia using the internal transcribed spacer region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS rDNA) and the mitochondrial small subunit gene of the mitochondrial ribosomal DNA (mtSSU). The phylogenetic tree contained four clades, two representing species in section Impexae, one representing species that belong to sections Crustaceae and Tenues, and one clade with C. arbuscula and related species. Five of 22 species, C. pycnoclada, C. stellaris, C. evansii, C. ciliata and C. subtenuis, showed monophyly in the phylogenetic tree; some of these 5 species have been shown previously to be monophyletic. The thallus branching pattern was interpreted as an important heritable character using the mtSSU network. Three duplets of paraphyletic species were further examined using ITS rDNA haplotype networks and AMOVA analysis. The results for the species duplets showed some mixing of haplotypes but the AMOVA analysis provided support for species separation within the duplets. While the evidence supports distinct species, further study is needed to conclusively show separate species in these duplets.

Keywords

AMOVACladinahaplotype networkITS rDNAmonophylymtSSUphylogeny
Type
Articles
Information
The Lichenologist , Volume 48 , Issue 3 , May 2016 , pp. 209 - 227
Copyright
© British Lichen Society, 2016 

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