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Phylogeny of Cladonia uncialis (Cladoniaceae, Lecanoromycetes) and its allies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 July 2015

Soili Stenroos ,
Raquel Pino-Bodas ,
Diana Weckman  and
Teuvo Ahti
Soili Stenroos*
Affiliation:
Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, P. O. Box 7, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
Raquel Pino-Bodas
Affiliation:
Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, P. O. Box 7, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
Diana Weckman
Affiliation:
Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, P. O. Box 7, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
Teuvo Ahti
Affiliation:
Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, P. O. Box 7, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
*
Email: soili.stenroos@helsinki.fi
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Abstract

The species from Cladonia section Unciales are characterized by the absence of squamules and soredia on the corticate podetia and the presence of usnic acid. Different subspecies, varieties and forms have been distinguished in the type species C. uncialis. In this study, a molecular phylogeny of Cladonia uncialis and members of the traditionally recognized section Unciales, along with additional potentially allied species, was constructed. DNA sequences from three gene loci, namely ITS rDNA, IGS rDNA and ß-tubulin, were analyzed using Maximum Parsimony, Maximum Likelihood, and Bayesian methods. Eleven species were analyzed for the first time using DNA sequence data. Cladonia uncialis subsp. uncialis and subsp. biuncialis were recognized as distinct taxa. The recognition of C. pseudostellata as a species was not supported by the analyses, but it represents a hypothamnolic acid chemotype, which is reported here as new to Europe (Scotland). The presence of subsp. biuncialis in North America (Newfoundland) was substantiated. The subsp. uncialis usually lacks squamatic acid, but in the eastern United States a morph referred to as subsp. uncialis does normally contain that acid. However, this morph did not attain taxonomic recognition based on phylogenetic analyses. All the other taxa formerly included in sect. Unciales turned out to belong to other groups of Cladonia, mainly Amaurocraeae, Borya, Divaricatae, and Perviae. The formerly recognized genus Cladina (reindeer lichens) is non-monophyletic, consisting of three groups within Cladonia, making the concept Cladina even nomenclaturally useless. Alternative topology tests rejected the monophyly of C. pseudostellata, section Unciales and Cladina.

Keywords

ß-tubulinCladinaCladonia pseudostellataCladonia uncialis subsp. biuncialisIGS rDNAinfrageneric taxonomyITS rDNAlichens
Type
Articles
Information
The Lichenologist , Volume 47 , Issue 4 , July 2015 , pp. 215 - 231
Copyright
© British Lichen Society, 2015 

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