Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T01:31:07.211Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Rhizines occasionally occur in the genus Hypogymnia (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 January 2015

Xin-Li WEI ,
Kai CHEN ,
H. Thorsten LUMBSCH  and
Jiang-Chun WEI
Xin-Li WEI
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. Email: weixl@im.ac.cn
Kai CHEN
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. Email: weixl@im.ac.cn University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
H. Thorsten LUMBSCH
Affiliation:
Science & Education, The Field Museum, Chicago, IL 60605, USA. Email: tlumbsch@fieldmuseum.org
Jiang-Chun WEI
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. Email: weixl@im.ac.cn
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The genus Hypogymnia is morphologically characterized by swollen lobes, a hollow medulla, perforations in the lower surface, and the absence of rhizines. In our studies on Hypogymnia spp. we found rhizines and hapters were occasionally present on the lower surface of 35 species. Morphology and anatomy of the appendage-organs were studied using dissecting, compound, and scanning electron microscopy and compared with rhizines found in the related genus Arctoparmelia. Two types of rhizine-like structures were found in Hypogymnia: slender and elongated rhizines, and thick and short hapters, both of which were few in number and sparsely distributed on the lower surface. There are no obvious differences in the morphology of rhizines between Arctoparmelia and Hypogymnia, except that rhizines are abundant in Arctoparmelia. Within Parmeliaceae, Hypogymnia belongs to the hypogymnioid clade together with the genera Arctoparmelia, Brodoa, and Pseudevernia, most of which are considered to lack rhizines. The occurrence of rhizines in Hypogymnia is consistent with the placement of Arctoparmelia in the hypogymnioid clade based on molecular data.

Keywords

haptershypogymnioid lichenslichensmorphology
Type
Articles
Information
The Lichenologist , Volume 47 , Issue 1 , January 2015 , pp. 69 - 75
Copyright
Copyright © British Lichen Society 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Beltman, H. A. (1978) Vegetative Strukturen der Parmeliaceae und ihre Entwicklung. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 11: 1–193.Google Scholar
Bitter, G. (1901) Zur Mophologie und Systematik von Parmelia, Untergattung Hypogymnia . Hedwigia 40: 171–274.Google Scholar
Brodo, I. M., Sharnoff, S. D. & Sharnoff, S. (2001) Lichens of North America. New Haven & London: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Büdel, B. & Scheidegger, C. (2008) Thallus morphology and anatomy. In Lichen Biology (Nash, T. H. III, ed.): 40–68. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crespo, A., Lumbsch, H. T., Mattsson, J. E., Blanco, O., Divakar, P. K., Articus, K., Wiklund, E., Bawingan, P. A. & Wedin, M. (2007) Testing morphology-based hypotheses of phylogenetic relationships in Parmeliaceae (Ascomycota) using three ribosomal markers and the nuclear RPB1 gene. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 44: 812–824.Google Scholar
Crespo, A., Kauff, F., Divakar, P. K., Amo, G., Arguello, A., Blanco, O., Cubas, P., del Prado, R., Elix, J. A., Esslinger, T. L. et al. (2010) Phylogenetic generic classification of parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) based on molecular, morphological and chemical evidence. Taxon 59: 1735–1753.Google Scholar
Divakar, P. K. & Upreti, D. K. (2005) Parmelioid Lichens in India (A Revisionary Study). Dehra Dun: Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh.Google Scholar
Elix, J. A. (1979) A taxonomic revision of the lichen genus Hypogymnia in Australasia. Brunonia 2: 175–245.Google Scholar
Elix, J. A. (1993) Progress in the generic delimitation of Parmelia sensu lato lichens (Ascomycotina: Parmeliaceae) and a synoptic key to the Parmeliaceae . Bryologist 96: 359–383.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elix, J. A. & James, P. W. (1982) Hypogymniaceae. Flora of Australia 54: 208–246.Google Scholar
Galloway, D. J. (1985) Flora of New Zealand Lichens. Wellington: P. D. Hasselberg, Government Printer.Google Scholar
Hale, M. E. Jr (1986) Arctoparmelia, a new genus in the Parmeliaceae (Ascomycotina). Mycotaxon 25: 251–254.Google Scholar
Hannemann, B. (1973) Anhangsorgane der Flechten: ihre Strukturen und ihre systematische Verteilung. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 1: 1–123.Google Scholar
Honegger, R. (1993) Tansley Review No. 60. Developmental biology of lichens. New Phytologist 125: 659–677.Google Scholar
Honegger, R. (1996) Experimental studies of growth and regenerative capacity in the foliose lichen Xanthoria parietina . New Phytologist 133: 573–581.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Honegger, R., Conconi, S. & Kutasi, V. (1996) Field studies on growth and regenerative capacity in the foliose macrolichen Xanthoria parietina (Teloschistales, Ascomycotina). Botanica Acta 109: 187–193.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jahns, H. M. & Ott, S. (1994) Thallic mycelial and cytological characters in ascomycete systematics. In Ascomycete Systematics. Problems and Perspectives in the Nineties (Hawksworth, D. L., ed.): 57–62. NATO Advanced Science Institutes Series. New York: Plenum Press.Google Scholar
Kondratyuk, S. & Poelt, J. (1997) Two new Asian Xanthoria species (Teloschistaceae, lichenized Ascomycotina). Lichenologist 29: 173–190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lindau, G. (1895) Lichenologische Untersuchungen. Heft 1. Ueber Wachstum und Anheftungsweise der Rindenflechten. Dresden: C. Heinrich.Google Scholar
Nash, T. H. III, Ryan, B. D., Gries, C. & Bungartz, F. (2002) Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region. Tempe, Arizona: Lichens Unlimited, Arizona State University.Google Scholar
Ott, S., Treiber, K. & Jahns, H. M. (1993) The development of regenerative thallus structures in lichens. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 113: 61–76.Google Scholar
Smith, C. W., Aptroot, A., Coppins, B. J., Fletcher, A., Gilbert, O. L., James, P. W. & Wolseley, P. A. (eds) (2009) The Lichens of Great Britain and Ireland. London: British Lichen Society.Google Scholar
Thell, A., Crespo, A., Divakar, P. K., Kärnefelt, I., Leavitt, S. D., Lumbsch, H. T. & Seaward, M. R. D. (2012) A review of the lichen family Parmeliaceae – history, phylogeny and current taxonomy. Nordic Journal of Botany 30: 641–664.Google Scholar
Wirth, V., Hauck, M. & Schultz, M. (2013) Die Flechten Deutschlands. Stuttgart: Eugen Ulmer.Google Scholar