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Taxonomy and phylogeny of the Caloplaca cerina group in Europe

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 February 2011

Jaroslav ŠOUN ,
Jan VONDRÁK ,
Ulrik SØCHTING ,
Pavel HROUZEK ,
Alexander KHODOSOVTSEV  and
Ulf ARUP
Jaroslav ŠOUN
Affiliation:
Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, CZ-370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic. Email: jasoun@centrum.cz
Jan VONDRÁK
Affiliation:
Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, CZ-370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic. Email: jasoun@centrum.cz
Ulrik SØCHTING
Affiliation:
Section for Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
Pavel HROUZEK
Affiliation:
Institute of Microbiology, ASCR, Department of Autotrophic Microorganisms, Opatovický mlýn, CZ-379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic.
Alexander KHODOSOVTSEV
Affiliation:
Department of Botany, Kherson State University, 40 Rokiv Zovtnya 27, 7300 Kherson, Ukraine.
Ulf ARUP
Affiliation:
Botanical Museum, Lund University, Östra Vallgatan 18, SE-223 61 Lund, Sweden.
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Abstract

Using ITS nrDNA sequence data, the Caloplaca cerina group (Teloschistaceae) is defined here as a monophyletic, but internally richly branched lineage. The group is also characterized by a combination of morphological and anatomical characters. Its internal lineages are supported by phenotypic characters in addition to ecology and distribution. Within the large C. cerina group, we have found at least 20 phylospecies in the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere. Two species complexes do not produce any vegetative diaspores: the polyphyletic, corticolous Caloplaca cerina s. lat. (six separated cryptic or semi-cryptic species) and the monophyletic C. stillicidiorum s. lat. that grows mainly on plant debris, small shrubs and bryophytes and consists of at least four internal lineages. All lineages producing vegetative diaspores (soredia, blastidia, isidia or lobules) are phenotypically characteristic and represent fairly easily distinguishable species: C. chlorina, C. isidiigera, C. monacensis, C. subalpina, C. thracopontica, C. turkuensis and C. ulmorum. Only the North American sorediate C. pinicola possibly represents an aggregate of species. Caloplaca sterilis is described as a new species. A key to the phenotypically distinguishable species is provided.

Lectotypes are designated for C. albolutea, Caloplaca cerina f. coronulata and for C. monacensis. The Australian C. hanneshertelii belongs to this group, but this and other possible species from the Southern Hemisphere are not treated here in detail. Some species traditionally placed in the C. cerina group due to their similar morphology are excluded here on the basis of our phenotype examinations and molecular data. Caloplaca albolutea, C. mydalaea and C. virescens are uncertain taxa and their identities still remain unclear.

Keywords

cryptic specieskeylichenslichen-forming funginrDNA ITSsemi-cryptic speciesTeloschistales
Type
Research Article
Information
The Lichenologist , Volume 43 , Issue 2 , March 2011 , pp. 113 - 135
Copyright
Copyright © British Lichen Society 2011

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