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Deterministic polynomial factoring and association schemes

Part of: Algebraic combinatorics Computability and recursion theory Algorithms - Computer Science Computational aspects of field theory and polynomials

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 April 2014

Manuel Arora ,
Gábor Ivanyos ,
Marek Karpinski  and
Nitin Saxena
Manuel Arora
Affiliation:
Department of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA email arora@caltech.edu
Gábor Ivanyos
Affiliation:
Institute for Computer Science and Control, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA SZTAKI), Kende u. 13-17, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary email Gabor.Ivanyos@sztaki.mta.hu
Marek Karpinski
Affiliation:
Department of Computer Science, University of Bonn, 53117 Bonn, Germany email marek@cs.uni-bonn.de
Nitin Saxena
Affiliation:
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India email nitin@cse.iitk.ac.in

Abstract

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The problem of finding a nontrivial factor of a polynomial $f(x)$ over a finite field ${\mathbb{F}}_q$ has many known efficient, but randomized, algorithms. The deterministic complexity of this problem is a famous open question even assuming the generalized Riemann hypothesis (GRH). In this work we improve the state of the art by focusing on prime degree polynomials; let $n$ be the degree. If $(n-1)$ has a ‘large’ $r$-smooth divisor $s$, then we find a nontrivial factor of $f(x)$ in deterministic $\mbox{poly}(n^r,\log q)$ time, assuming GRH and that $s=\Omega (\sqrt{n/2^r})$. Thus, for $r=O(1)$ our algorithm is polynomial time. Further, for $r=\Omega (\log \log n)$ there are infinitely many prime degrees $n$ for which our algorithm is applicable and better than the best known, assuming GRH. Our methods build on the algebraic-combinatorial framework of $m$-schemes initiated by Ivanyos, Karpinski and Saxena (ISSAC 2009). We show that the $m$-scheme on $n$ points, implicitly appearing in our factoring algorithm, has an exceptional structure, leading us to the improved time complexity. Our structure theorem proves the existence of small intersection numbers in any association scheme that has many relations, and roughly equal valencies and indistinguishing numbers.

MSC classification

Secondary: 12Y05: Computational aspects of field theory and polynomials 05E30: Association schemes, strongly regular graphs 05E10: Combinatorial aspects of representation theory 03D15: Complexity of computation (including implicit computational complexity) 68W30: Symbolic computation and algebraic computation
Type
Research Article
Information
LMS Journal of Computation and Mathematics , Volume 17 , Issue 1 , 2014 , pp. 123 - 140
Copyright
© The Author(s) 2014 

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