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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 01 August 2003
For a sample of U.S. industries, nominal wage and price inflation follow aggregate price inflation closely during economic expansions. Hence, fluctuations in profit markup and real output are moderate in the face of expansionary demand shocks. In contrast, workers' real standard of living decreases during recessions, while producers attempt to maintain, or even increase, industrial real-price inflation. The increase in profit markup correlates with larger output contraction during recessions.