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Absolute prime numbers
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 01 August 2016
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For a long time prime numbers have attracted the attention of mathematicians, especially those primes that possess some sort of a symmetry. The mysterious repunits An = 111… 1(n), whose decimal representations contain only units, form an important class of them. For a repunit to be prime the number n of its digits must be also prime. But this condition is far from being sufficient: for instance, A3 = 111 = 3.37 and A5 = 11111 = 41.271. Some of the repunits are nonetheless prime: A2, A19, A23, A317 and A1031, are the only known examples. The question of primeness of the repunits was discussed by M. Gardner and later in [2–4]. It is not clear whether the number of prime repunits is finite or infinite.
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