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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 22 September 2016
1. Introduction
Since Poincaré introduced algebraic or geometric topology in a series of papers during the years 1895-1901, the subject has grown rapidly to become one of the major branches of mathematics with ramifications in many other branches. However, apart from some recreational level ‘rubber-sheet’ geometry, very few students, even at first degree level, meet algebraic topology.