Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jn8rn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T04:21:34.652Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

On knot polynomials of annular surfaces and their boundary links

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 July 2009

HERMANN GRUBER*
Affiliation:
Institut für Informatik, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen Arndtstr. 2, 35392 Giessen, Germany. e-mail: hermann.k.gruber@informatik.uni-giessen.de

Abstract

Stoimenow and Kidwell asked the following question: let K be a non-trivial knot, and let W(K) be a Whitehead double of K. Let F(a, z) be the Kauffman polynomial and P(v, z) the skein polynomial. Is then always max degzPW(K) − 1 = 2 max degzFK? Here this question is rephrased in more general terms as a conjectured relation between the maximum z-degrees of the Kauffman polynomial of an annular surface A on the one hand, and the Rudolph polynomial on the other hand, the latter being defined as a certain Möbius transform of the skein polynomial of the boundary link ∂ A. That relation is shown to hold for algebraic alternating links, thus simultaneously solving the conjecture by Kidwell and Stoimenow and a related conjecture by Tripp for this class of links. Also, in spite of the heavyweight definition of the Rudolph polynomial {K} of a link K, the remarkably simple formula {◯}{L#M} = {L}{M} for link composition is established. This last result can be used to reduce the conjecture in question to the case of prime links.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge Philosophical Society 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

[1]Biggs, N.Algebraic Graph Theory (Cambridge University Press, 1974).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[2]Brittenham, M. and Jensen, J. Canonical genus and the Whitehead doubles of pretzel knots. available online at http://arxiv.org as arXiv:math/0608765v1 (2006), 16 pages.Google Scholar
[3]Burde, G. and Zieschang, H.Knots (Walter de Gruyter & Co., 1985).Google Scholar
[4]Conway, J. H. An enumeration of knots and links, and some of their algebraic properties. In: Leech, D. D. (ed.), Computational Problems in Abstract Algebra (Pergamon Press, 1969), 329358.Google Scholar
[5]Freyd, P., Hoste, J., Lickorish, W. B. R., Millett, K., Ocneanu, A. and Yetter, D.A new polynomial invariant of knots and links. Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. (N.S.) 12 (2) (1985), 239246.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[6]Gruber, H. Estimates for the minimal crossing number. available online at http://arxiv.org as arXiv:math/0303273v3 (2003), 11 pages.Google Scholar
[7]Jones, V. F. R.A polynomial invariant of knots and links via von Neumann algebras. Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. (N.S.) 12 (1) (1985), 103111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[8]Kauffman, L. H.An invariant of regular isotopy. Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 318 (2) (1990), 417471.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[9]Kidwell, M. E.On the degree of the Brandt–Lickorish–Millett–Ho polynomial of a link. Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 100 (1987), 755762.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[10]Kidwell, M. and Stoimenow, A.Examples related to the crossing number, writhe, and maximal bridge length of knot diagrams. Michigan Math. J. 51 (1) (2003), 312.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[11]Lickorish, W. B. R.Polynomials for links. Bull. London Math. Soc. 20 (6) (1988), 558588.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[12]Lickorish, W. B. R. and Millett, K.A polynomial invariant of oriented links. Topology 26 (1), 1987, 107141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[13]Morton, H. R.Seifert circles and knot polynomials. Math. Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc. 99 (1986), 107109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[14]Nakamura, T.On the crossing number of 2-bridge knot and the canonical genus of its Whitehead double. Osaka J. Math. 43 (3) (2004), 609623.Google Scholar
[15]Nutt, I.Arc index and the Kauffman polynomial. J. Knot Theory and its Ramifications 6 (1) (1997), 6177.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[16]Nutt, I.Embedding knots and links in an open book III: on the braid index of satellite links. Math. Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc. 126 (1999), 7798.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[17]Ohtsuki, T. (ed.). Problems on invariants of knots and 3-manifolds. In: Ohtsuki, T., Kohno, T., Le, T., Murakami, J., Roberts, J. and Turaev, V. (eds.), Invariants of knots and 3-manifolds (Kyoto, 2001). Geom. Topo. Monogr. 4 (2004), 377–572.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[18]Przytycki, J. and Traczyk, P.Conway algebras and skein equivalence of links. Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 100 (1987), 744748.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[19]Rudolph, L.A congruence between link polynomials. Math. Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc. 107 (1990), 319327.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[20]Thistlethwaite, M.Kauffman's polynomial and alternating links. Topology 27 (3) (1988), 311318.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[21]Tripp, J.The canonical genus of an infinite family of knots. J. Knot Theory and its Ramifications 11 (8) (2002), 12331242.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[22]Yamada, S.An operator on regular isotopy invariants of link diagrams. Topology 28 (3) (1989), 369377.CrossRefGoogle Scholar