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DENOMINATORS OF BERNOULLI POLYNOMIALS

Part of: Sequences and sets Multiplicative number theory

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 April 2018

Olivier Bordellès ,
Florian Luca ,
Pieter Moree  and
Igor E. Shparlinski
Olivier Bordellès
Affiliation:
2 Allée de la combe, 43000 Aiguilhe, France email borde43@wanadoo.fr
Florian Luca
Affiliation:
School of Mathematics, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, Wits 2050, South Africa Max Planck Institute for Mathematics, Vivatsgasse 7, 53111 Bonn, Germany Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ostrava, 30 Dubna 22, 701 03 Ostrava 1, Czech Republic email florian.luca@wits.ac.za
Pieter Moree
Affiliation:
Max Planck Institute for Mathematics, Vivatsgasse 7, 53111 Bonn, Germany email moree@mpim-bonn.mpg.de
Igor E. Shparlinski
Affiliation:
Department of Pure Mathematics, University of New South Wales, 2052 NSW, Australia email igor.shparlinski@unsw.edu.au
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Abstract

For a positive integer $n$ let

$$\begin{eqnarray}\mathfrak{P}_{n}=\mathop{\prod }_{\substack{ p \\ s_{p}(n)\geqslant p}}p,\end{eqnarray}$$
where $p$ runs over primes and $s_{p}(n)$ is the sum of the base $p$ digits of $n$. For all $n$ we prove that $\mathfrak{P}_{n}$ is divisible by all “small” primes with at most one exception. We also show that $\mathfrak{P}_{n}$ is large and has many prime factors exceeding $\sqrt{n}$, with the largest one exceeding $n^{20/37}$. We establish Kellner’s conjecture that the number of prime factors exceeding $\sqrt{n}$ grows asymptotically as $\unicode[STIX]{x1D705}\sqrt{n}/\text{log}\,n$ for some constant $\unicode[STIX]{x1D705}$ with $\unicode[STIX]{x1D705}=2$. Further, we compare the sizes of $\mathfrak{P}_{n}$ and $\mathfrak{P}_{n+1}$, leading to the somewhat surprising conclusion that although $\mathfrak{P}_{n}$ tends to infinity with $n$, the inequality $\mathfrak{P}_{n}>\mathfrak{P}_{n+1}$ is more frequent than its reverse.

MSC classification

Primary: 11N37: Asymptotic results on arithmetic functions
Secondary: 11B68: Bernoulli and Euler numbers and polynomials
Type
Research Article
Information
Mathematika , Volume 64 , Issue 2 , 2018 , pp. 519 - 541
Copyright
Copyright © University College London 2018 

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