Published online by Cambridge University Press: 25 October 2002
Several innovations in the casting of steel into ingots have found their full application in continuous casting. Bessemer made significant contributions in this area, but the decisive developments were made by others between 1920 and 1950 in the USA, England, Germany, etc. After the casting of billets became a well established process, new developments allowed to apply the process to slab casting and a high degree of performance is reached now. The direct casting of thin products, first attempted by Bessemer, is just becoming industrial reality.