The application of AVHRR data for the detection of volcanic ash in a Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre

Abstract

A volcanic ash detection product using AVHRR data has been developed for use in the London Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre, operated by forecasters at the Met Office. The product is an image that shows the brightness temperature difference between two infrared channels, which can be used to discriminate between clouds containing volcanic ash particles and those containing water droplets or ice crystals. Factors such as water vapour, water droplet and ice crystal content, opacity, cloud top temperature, ash particle size, surface emissivity properties and instrumental effects all have an effect on the spectral signal represented in the image. AVHRR imagery has been used to study the volcanic clouds ejected from eruptions of Mount Etna (Italy) in July 2001, Hekla (Iceland) in February 2000 and Mount Spurr (USA) in September 1992 to demonstrate the application of this product during volcanic events. The volcanic ash detection product provides essential information that can help forecasters locate volcanic ash and give appropriate guidance through advisory statements to the aviation industry and thus help avoid dangerous and expensive encounters between aircraft and volcanic ash.