Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-fbnjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T10:15:30.163Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Carbonatite magmas

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 July 2018

M. J. Le Bas
M. J. Le Bas*
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Normal carbonatite magmas are characteristically associated with ijolites and produce extensive fenitization by alkali metasomatism, commonly feldspathization or phlogopitization. The sequence of carbonatites developed from this magma are characterized by igneous isotopic ratios, high contents of incompatible elements, their distinctive pattern of differentiation from sövite to beforsite, and a late-stage rare-earth element, baryte, fluorite mineralization. Carbonatite rock is composed mainly of calcite, but fluid inclusion and related data indicate that the original magma was highly alkaline and chemically similar to that known at Oldoinyo Lengai volcano in Tanzania. It is suggested that this carbonatite magma is secondary magma produced from carbonated nephelinite magma by liquid immiscibility. Carbonatite magma can also occur associated with kimberlites but these carbonatites are alkali-poor and do not produce the characteristic fenitization.

Type
Research Article
Information
Mineralogical Magazine , Volume 44 , Issue 334 , June 1981 , pp. 133 - 140
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1981

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Armbrustmacher, T. J. (1979). Econ. Geol. 74, 888-901.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aspden, J. (1977). Ph.D. thesis, Univ. Leicester.Google Scholar
Aspden, J. (1980). Lithos, 13, 263-8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bailey, D. K. (1966a). In: Carbonatites (Tuttle, O. F. and Gittins, J., eds.) Wiley, 127-54.Google Scholar
Bailey, D. K. (1966b). Intern. Mineral. Assoc. 4th Gen. Meeting, India, 5-8.Google Scholar
Bailey, D. K. (1978). In: Petrology and Geochemistry of Continental Rifts (Neumann, E. R. and Ramberg, I. B., eds.) Reidel, , 1–13.Google Scholar
Barber, C. (1974). Lithos. 7, 53-63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bell, K., Dawson, J. B., and Farquhar, R. M. (1973). Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 84, 1019-30.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowen, N. L. (1926). Am. J. Sci. 12, 499-502.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, P. E. (1964). Q. J. geol. Soc. London, 120, 223-40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bulakh, A. G. and Iskov-Dolinina, I. P. (1978). Intern. Geol. Rev. 20, 822-8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cann, J. R. (1970). Geol. Mag. 107, 335-40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chernysheva, Y. A., Petrov, L. L., and Chernyshev, L. V. (1976). Geochem. Intern. 13, 3, 14-22.Google Scholar
Cooper, A. F., Gittins, J., and Tuttle, O. F. (1975). Am. J. Sci. 275, 534-60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Culers, R. L. and Medaris, G. (1977). Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 65, 143-53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dawson, J. B. (1962). Nature, 195, 1975-6.Google Scholar
Dawson, J. B. (1964). Bull. Volc. 27, 81-92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dawson, J. B., Bowden, P., and Clark, G. C. (1968). Geol. Rund. 57, 865-79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dawson, J. B. and Hawthorne, J. B. (1973). Q. J. geol. Soc. London, 129, 61-85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deines, P. (1980). Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 44, 943-61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deines, P. and Gold, D. P. (1973). Ibid., 37, 1709-33.Google Scholar
Denaeyer, M. E. (1966). C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 263 (D), 9–12.Google Scholar
Dontsova, Y. I., Kononova, V. A., and Kuznetsova, L. D. (1977). Geochem. Intern. 1-10.Google Scholar
Du Bois, C. G. B., Furst, J., Guest, N. J., and Jennings, D. J. (1963). Nature, 445-6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eckermann, H. von (1948). Sveriges Geol. Unders. No. 36.Google Scholar
Eckermann, H. von (1960). Arkiv. mineral, geol. 2, 519-28.Google Scholar
Eckermann, H. von (1967). In: Ultramafic and Related Rocks (Wyllie, P. J., ed.) Wiley, 302-12.Google Scholar
Freestone, I. C. and Hamilton, D. L. (1980). Contrib. Mineral. Petrol, 73, 105-17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garson, M. S. (1962). Geol. Surv. Nyasaland, Mem. 2.Google Scholar
Gittins, J., Allen, C. R., and Cooper, A. F. (1975). Geol. Mag. 112, 503-7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gold, D. P. (1966). Proc. 4th Gen. meeting Intern. Mineral. Assoc. 1964, India, 83-91.Google Scholar
Hamilton, D. L., Freestone, I. C., Dawson, J. B., and Donaldson, C. H. (1979). Nature, 279, 52-4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heinrich, E. W. (1966). The Geology of Carbonatites. Rand McNally, Chicago.Google Scholar
Heinrich, E. W. (1967). Earth Sci. Rev. 3, 203-10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heinrich, E. W. and Moore, D. G. (1970). Can. Mineral, 10, 571-98.Google Scholar
Kapustin, Y. L. (1971). The Mineralogy of Carbonatites. Nauka Press, Moscow.Google Scholar
Kapustin, Y. L., Lapitskiy, E. M., Pogrebnoy, V. T., Storchak, P. N., and Kochanov, Y. N. (1978). Intern. Geol. Rev. 20, 1131-41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
King, B. C. and Sutherland, D. S. (1960). Sci. Prog. 48, 504-24.Google Scholar
Kogarko, L. N. and Ryabchikov, I. D. (1978). Geochem. Intern. 15, 5, 9-32.Google Scholar
Lancelot, J. R. and Allégre, C. J. (1974). Earth Planet. Sci. Letters, 22, 233-8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-Nephelinite Volcanism. Wiley, London.Google Scholar
Le Bas, M. J. and Dixon, J. A. (1965). Nature, 207, 68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Le Bas, M. J. and Handley, C. D. (1979). Ibid., 279, 54-6.Google Scholar
McKie, D. and Frankis, E. J. (1977). Z. Kristallogr. 145, 73-95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meyer, A. and Bethune, P. de (1960). 21st Intern. Geol. Cong. 13, 304-9.Google Scholar
Milton, C. (1968). Geol Soc. Amer. Spec. Paper 121, 202.Google Scholar
Mitchell, R. H. (1979). Am. J. Sci. 279, 570-89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nesbitt, B. E. and Kelly, W. C. (1977). Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 63, 271-94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Orville, P. M. (1963). Am. J. Sci., 261, 201-37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pecora, W. T. (1956). Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. 67, 1537-56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pineau, F. and Allégre, C. J. (1972). C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 274 (D), 2620-3.Google Scholar
Rankin, A. H. (1975). Lithos, 8, 123-36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rankin, A. H. (1977). Mineral. Mag. 41, 155-64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rankin, A. H. and Le Bas, M. J. (1947a). Ibid., 39, 564-70.Google Scholar
Rankin, A. H. (1974b). Nature, 250, 206-9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richard, P., Shimizu, N., and Allégre, C. J. (1976). Earth Planet. Sci. Letters, 31, 269-78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Romanchev, B. P. (1972). Geochem. Intern. 9, 115.Google Scholar
Rosenberg, P. E. (1967). Am. Mineral. 52, 787-96.Google Scholar
Sheppard, S. M. F. and Dawson, J. B. (1975). Phys. Chem. Earth, 9, 747-63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Streckeisen, A. (1980). Geol. Rund. 69, 194–207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sutherland, D. S. (19653). Mineral. Mag. 35, 363-78.Google Scholar
Sutherland, D. S. (1965b). Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 76, 1409-12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suwa, K., Oana, S., Wada, H., and Osaki, S. (1975). Phys. Chem. Earth, 9, 735-45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tuttle, O. F. and Gittins, J. (1966). Carbonatites, Wiley, London.Google Scholar
Vartianen, H. and Paarma, H. (1979). Econ. Geol. 74, 1296-306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vartianen, H. and Woolley, A. R. (1976). Geol. Surv. Finland, Bull. 280.Google Scholar
Verwoerd, W. J. (1978). Carnegie Inst. Washington, 77, 767-74.Google Scholar
Viladkar, S. G. (1980). Geol. Mag. 117, 285-96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vinogradov, V. I., Krasnov, A. A., Kuleshov, V. N., and Sulerzhitskiy, L. D. (1979). Intern. Geol. Rev. 22, 51-7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
von Knorring, O. and Du Bois, C. G. B. (1961). Nature, 192, 1064-5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wedepohl, K. H. (1978). Handbook of Geochemistry, Vol. II, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.Google Scholar
Woolley, A. R. (1969). Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Mineral. 2, no. 4.Google Scholar
Wyllie, P. J. (1965). J. Petrol. 6, 101-23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wyllie, P. J. and Tuttle, O. F. (1960). J. Petrol. 1, 1-46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar