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Lipuite, a new manganese phyllosilicate mineral from the N'Chwaning III mine, Kalahari Manganese Fields, South Africa

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 February 2019

Xiangping Gu Open the ORCID record for Xiangping Gu [Opens in a new window] ,
Hexiong Yang ,
Xiande Xie ,
Jaco J. van Nieuwenhuizen ,
Robert T. Downs  and
Stanley H. Evans
Xiangping Gu*
Affiliation:
School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
Hexiong Yang
Affiliation:
Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, 1040 E 4th Street, Tucson, AZ 85721-0077, USA
Xiande Xie
Affiliation:
CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny / Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
Jaco J. van Nieuwenhuizen
Affiliation:
Plot 968, Alheit, Kakamas 8870, Northern Cape, South Africa
Robert T. Downs
Affiliation:
Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, 1040 E 4th Street, Tucson, AZ 85721-0077, USA
Stanley H. Evans
Affiliation:
Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, 1040 E 4th Street, Tucson, AZ 85721-0077, USA
*
*Author for correspondence: Xiangping Gu, Email: guxp2004@163.com
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Abstract

A new phyllosilicate mineral, lipuite (IMA2014-085), has been discovered from the N'Chwaning III mine, Kalahari Manganese Fields, Northern Cape Province, Republic of South Africa. It occurs as platy, tabular, or granular crystals and veined agglomerate in association with Mn-bearing sugilite, taniajacoite, pectolite, richterite, norrishite and namansilite. Lipuite is dark red–brown with vitreous lustre, red streak, an estimated Mohs hardness of 5 and the measured density is 2.83(3) g/cm3. It is biaxial (+) and characterised by bright red to dark red colour in thin section with measured refractive indices in white light: α = 1.635(1), β = 1.653(1), γ = 1.670(1) and 2V = 86(2)°. The Raman spectra of lipuite are composed of over 21 bands at 109, 146, 162, 183, 206, 244, 288, 342, 362, 455, 496, 520, 552, 613, 669, 886, 930, 971, 1097, 3487 and 3540 cm–1. The empirical formula from microprobe analyses is (based on total number of cations = 27.5 and structural refinement): K1.12Na8.16(Mn4.77Fe0.07)Σ4.84Mg0.44[Si11.97O30(OH)4](PO4)0.94O2(OH)2·4H2O. The idealised formula is: KNa8Mn3+5Mg0.5[Si12O30(OH)4](PO4)O2(OH)2·4H2O.

Lipuite is orthorhombic, space group Pnnm, a = 9.080(3), b = 12.222(3), c = 17.093(5) Å, V = 1897.0(9) Å3 and Z = 2. The strongest powder X-ray diffraction peaks [d, Å (I) (hkl)] are: 9.965(40)(011), 2.938(33)(310), 2.895(100)(311), 2.777(38)(224), 2.713(53)(320), 2.483(32)(126), 2.086(35)(046) and 1.534(40)(446). The crystal structure of lipuite is characterised by sheets of SiO4 tetrahedra that are linked together along [010] by K+, Na+, Mn3+, Mg2+ and P5+ cations, as well as hydrogen bonds. These tetrahedral sheets consist of 14-membered rings of SiO4 tetrahedra that zigzag along [100]. The two independent Mn3+ cations are both octahedrally coordinated. They form five-membered, edge-shared octahedral clusters between the SiO4 tetrahedral sheets. Lipuite represents a rather unique structure type and its silicate tetrahedral sheets can be considered a derivative of the silicate sheets in mica.

Keywords

lipuitephyllosilicatenew mineralcrystal structureRaman spectrumKalahari manganese
Type
Article
Information
Mineralogical Magazine , Volume 83 , Issue 5 , October 2019 , pp. 645 - 654
Copyright
Copyright © Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2019 

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Footnotes

Associate Editor: Edward S Grew

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