Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-xbtfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T05:13:07.897Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A new interpretation of round embayments in quartz crystals

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 July 2018

C. H. Donaldson  and
C. M. B. Henderson
C. H. Donaldson
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST
C. M. B. Henderson
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The surfaces of quartz crystals that were partially dissolved in superheated, H2O-saturated rhyolite melt are covered with hemispherical embayments; each embayment is judged to have formed where a gas bubble in the melt approached the crystal. ‘Flux-line attack’ and ‘upward-drilling’ of the refractory lining of glass tanks are analogous processes. As a bubble nears a dissolving solid it enters a compositional boundary layer in the melt, resulting in melt of variable surface tension surrounding the bubble. This unstable situation results in small-scale convection of the melt about the bubble (Marangoni convection) which can cause locally enhanced dissolution rate of the solid. It is suggested that this mechanism could cause round embayments to form in quartz phenocrysts in acid volcanic and sub-volcanic rocks. Criteria by which embayed phenocrysts formed by dissolution can be distinguished from those formed by unstable growth are reviewed briefly.

Keywords

quartzmagmatic dissolutionembaymentcrystal-liquid interfacesurface tensionMarangoni convection
Type
Recent Developments in Experimental Petrology and Mineralogy
Information
Mineralogical Magazine , Volume 52 , Issue 364 , March 1988 , pp. 27 - 33
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1988

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bacon, C.R. (1986) J. Geophys. Res. 91, 6091-112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bain, G.W. (1925) Am. Mineral. 10, 435-41.Google Scholar
Berg, W.F. (1938) Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. A 164, 79–95.Google Scholar
Blackerby, B.A. (1968) Am. Mineral. 53, 954-62.Google Scholar
Busby, T.S., and Barker, J. (1966) J. Am. Ceramic Soc. 48, 441–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chapman, S.L., Syers, J.K., and Jackson, M.L. (1969) Soil Sci. 107, 345-56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Donaldson, C.H. (1976) Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 57, 187–213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Donaldson, C.H. (1985) Mineral. Mag. 49, 683-93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drever, H.I., and Johnston, R. (1957) Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 63, 289–315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eichelberger, J.C. (1978) Nature, 275, 217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flemings, M.C. (1974) Solidification Processing , McGraw- Hill, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flint, F.C., and Payne, A.R. (1926) J. Am. Ceramic Soc. 9, 613–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frondel, C. (1962) Dana's System of Mineralogy, Ill, Silica Minerals. New York: Wiley. 15862.Google Scholar
Gutmann, J.T. (1977) Am. J. Sci. 277, 833–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harris, D.W., and Anderson, A.T. (1984) Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 87, 120–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heddle, M.F. (1896) Trans. Geol. Soc. Glasg. 10, 80–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holmes, A. (1930) Petrographic Methods and Calculations. Van Nostrand, New York.Google Scholar
Joplin, G.A. (1964) A Petrography of Australian Rocks. Sydney: Angus and Robertson.Google Scholar
Judd, J.W. (1883) Q. J. Geol. Soc. 39, 444–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kanaris-Sotiriou, R., and Gibb, F.G. F. (1986) Geol. Ma(I. 123, 569-79.Google Scholar
Kuo, L.-C., and Kirkpatrick, R.J. (1985) Am. J. Sci. 285, 5190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laemmlein, G. (1930) Z. Kristallo9r. 75, 109-27.Google Scholar
Larsen, E.S., Irving, J., Gonyer, F.A., and Larsen, E.S. 3rd (1936) Am. Mineral. 21, 679-70.Google Scholar
Larsen, E.S., Irving, J., Gonyer, F.A., and Larsen, E.S. (1938) Ibid. 23, 227-57.Google Scholar
Lofgren, G.E. (1980) In Physics of Magmatic Processes (R. B. Hargraves, ed.) Princeton Univ. Press, 487–552.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacKenzie, W.S., Donaldson, C.H., and Guildford, C. (1982) Atlas of Igneous Rocks and Their Textures. London: Longman.Google Scholar
McLachlan, D. (1978) Can. Mineral. 16, 415–25.Google Scholar
McMahon, C.A. (1889) Mineral. Mag. 8, 10–14.Google Scholar
Moorhouse, W.W. (1964) The Study of Rocks in Thin Section. New York: Harper and Row.Google Scholar
Preston, F.W., and Turnbull, J.C. (1941) Am. J. Sci. 239, 92–106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shaw, H.R. (1972) Ibid. 272, 870-93.Google Scholar
Sigurdsson, H., and Sparks, R.S. J. (1981) X Petrol. 22, 4181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sunagawa, I., and Sugibuchi, A. (1986) J. Japan. Assoc. Min. Pet. Econ. Geol. 81, 348–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsuchiyama, A. (1986) J. Volcanol. Geoth. Res. 29, 245-64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tuttle, O.F., and Bowen, N.L. (1958) Geol. Soc. Am. Mere. 74, 153 pp.Google Scholar
Varne, R. (1968) J. Petrol., 9 169–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilcox, R.E. (1944) Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 55, 104-78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilcox, W.R. (1983) J. Crystal. Growth, 65, 133-42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar