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Rare earth element geochemistry of columbite-group minerals: LA-ICP-MS data

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 July 2018

T. Graupner ,
F. Melcher ,
H.-E. Gäbler ,
M. Sitnikova ,
H. Brätz  and
A. Bahr
T. Graupner*
Affiliation:
Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Stilleweg 2, D-30655 Hannover, Germany
F. Melcher
Affiliation:
Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Stilleweg 2, D-30655 Hannover, Germany
H.-E. Gäbler
Affiliation:
Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Stilleweg 2, D-30655 Hannover, Germany
M. Sitnikova
Affiliation:
Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Stilleweg 2, D-30655 Hannover, Germany
H. Brätz
Affiliation:
GeoZentrum Nordbayern, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossgarten 5a, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
A. Bahr
Affiliation:
Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Stilleweg 2, D-30655 Hannover, Germany
*
*E-mail: torsten.graupner@bgr.de
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Abstract

New data on rare earth element (REE) concentrations and distribution patterns of columbite-tantalite minerals from Ta-ore provinces worldwide are presented. The REE geochemistry was studied by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Five major types of chondrite-normalized REE distribution patterns are defined for columbite-group minerals (CGM) from lithium-caesium-tantalum (LCT) pegmatites and rare-metal granites. Features to discriminate between the types include (1) the shape of the pattern (e.g. flat or concave), (2) calculated ratios between groups of the REE (e.g. heavy REEN/middle REEN), and (3) the presence and intensity of anomalies (e.g. Ce*, Eu*). Four pegmatites in central and southern Africa are used as case studies to discuss application of the types of REE patterns in individual deposits. The REE fractionation during progressive evolution of the melt in a pegmatite body (either Nb → Ta or Fe → Mn fractionation lines, or both) results in smaller heavy REEN/middle REEN ratios whereas replacement of primary CGM by secondary CGM produces modifications in the light REEN patterns and the heavy REEN/middle REEN ratios also. Critical features of REE patterns such as highly variable heavy REEN/middle REEN ratios or striking differences in the appearance of Eu anomalies are discussed considering structural data of the host minerals and the differentiation behaviour of the pegmatitic melt. In general, CGM from each individual Ta-ore province are characterized by a predominance of one type of REE distribution pattern. Consequently, these patterns are suitable for tracing the origin of tantalum ore concentrates (e.g. as a forensic tool).

Keywords

LCT family pegmatitescolumbite-tantaliteREEgeochemistryLA-ICP-MS data
Type
Research Article
Information
Mineralogical Magazine , Volume 74 , Issue 4 , August 2010 , pp. 691 - 713
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2010

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