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The synthesis and solubility of the copper hydroxyl nitrates: gerhardtite, rouaite and likasite

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 July 2018

C. H. Yoder ,
E. Bushong ,
X. Liu ,
V. Weidner ,
P. McWilliams ,
K. Martin ,
J. Lorgunpai ,
J. Haller  and
R. W. Schaeffer
C. H. Yoder*
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, Franklin Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17604-3303, USA
E. Bushong
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, Franklin Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17604-3303, USA
X. Liu
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, Franklin Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17604-3303, USA
V. Weidner
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, Franklin Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17604-3303, USA
P. McWilliams
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, Franklin Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17604-3303, USA
K. Martin
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Messiah College, Grantham, PA 17027-9800, USA
J. Lorgunpai
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Messiah College, Grantham, PA 17027-9800, USA
J. Haller
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Messiah College, Grantham, PA 17027-9800, USA
R. W. Schaeffer
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Messiah College, Grantham, PA 17027-9800, USA
*
*E-mail: claude.yoder@fandm.edu
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Abstract

Syntheses for the three members of the copper hydroxyl nitrate family – the polymorphs rouaite and gerhardtite, and likasite – are presented along with powder diffraction data and unit-cell parameters. The solubilities, determined in 0.05 M KNO3 solution after equilibration at 25°C for 10 days were used to calculate activity-based solubility product constants. The Gibbs energies of formation, obtained from the solubility products, are –653.2±0.7 kJ/mol, –655.1±1.2 kJ/mol and –1506.4±1.1 kJ/mol, for rouaite, gerhardtite, and likasite (Cu3NO3(OH)5·2H2O), respectively. The values for the polymorphs rouaite and gerhardtite validate the observations of Oswald that gerhardtite is the most stable polymorph at room temperature and that the preparation of predominantly rouaite in syntheses carried out at room temperature must be due to the metastability and low rate of conversion to the more stable gerhardtite.

Keywords

copper hydroxyl nitraterouaitegerhardtitelikasitesolubilitiesGibbs energies of formation
Type
Research Article
Information
Mineralogical Magazine , Volume 74 , Issue 3 , June 2010 , pp. 433 - 440
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2010

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