Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-ndw9j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T10:07:03.671Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Japanese Civil War (1868)—A British View

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 November 2008

Extract

In the late autumn of 1868 political events in Japan were no longer focused exclusively on Edo, Ōsaka and the lands of the south-western han; all of which could be easily visited by British sailors and diplomats. The Imperial armies had won important victories at Fushimi and Ueno but they had still not gained control of the whole of Japan. The last Shōgun had retired from the conifict but his supporters still mounted stubborn military resistance in Northern Honshū. At this stage it was important for Britain to know the state of this civil war and its likely outcome.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1967

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

2 Beasley, W. G.: The Modern History of Japan, (London, 1963), p. 99.Google Scholar

3 For Anglo-French rivalry see Medzini, M.: Léon Roches in Japan in Papers on Japan, No. 2 (Harvard East Asian Research Center), Cambridge, Mass., 1963.Google Scholar

4 Short as it was the civil war was something of a hindrance to trade, e.g. Matheson, Jardine papers (Cambridge University Library), Hyōgo (21), 1 November 1868, Storm to Keswick ‘As soon as our currency is settled and an end made to the fighting, we may look for a large business being done here.’Google Scholar

5 Hammond papers FO 391/14, Osaka, 5 January 1868. Parkes to Hammond ‘there is always the danger of many civil passions being let loose when once the sword is drawn especially in a semi-civilized country.’Google Scholar

6 Satow, E. M.: A Diplomat in Japan, (London, 1921), p. 332.Google Scholar

7 Black, J. R.: Young Japan, (London, 1881), vol. 2, p. 755.Google Scholar

8 FO Japan 97, enclosure 1, in no. 240, Parkes to Stanley, 7 October 1868, Higashikuze to Parkes.Google Scholar

9 FO Japan 91, no. 41, Parkes to Stanley, 25 February 1868.Google Scholar

10 FO Japan 91, no. 42, Parkes to Stanley, 25 February 1868.Google Scholar

11 FO Japan 97, enclosure 2, in no. 240, Parkes to Stanley, 7 October 1868, Parkes to Higashikuze.Google Scholar

12 e.g. Dickens, F. V., Life of Sir Harry Parkes, Vol. 2 (London, 1894), p. 157.Google Scholar

13 FO Japan 98, enclosure in Parkes, Private, 4 November 1868. Memorandum of Dr Willis of a journey from Yedo to Takata made at the instance of the Japanese Government to render medical assistance to wounded men, 17 October 1868.Google Scholar

14 Ibid.

15 FO Japan 98, enclosure in Parkes, Private, 4 November 1868. Memorandum of Dr Willis of a journey from Yedo to Takata made at the instance of the Japanese Government to render medical assistance to wounded men, 17 October 1868.Google Scholar

16 Ibid.

17 FO Japan 98, enclosure in Parkes, Private, 4 November 1868. Memorandum of Dr Willis of a journey from Yedo to Takata made at the instance of the Japanese Government to render medical assistance to wounded men, 17 October 1868.Google Scholar

18 Ibid.

19 Ibid.

20 Ibid.

21 Ibid.

22 FO Japan 98, enclosure in Parkes, Private, 4 November 1868. Memorandum of Dr Willis of a journey from Yedo to Takata made at the instance of the Japanese Government to render medical assistance to wounded men, 17 October 1868.Google Scholar

23 Ibid.

24 FO Japan 98, enclosure in Parkes, Private, 4 November 1868. Memorandum of Dr Willis on the occasion of his visit to Takata to render medical assistance to wounded Japanese, 25 October 1868.Google Scholar

25 Ibid.

26 FO Japan 98, enclosure in Parkes, Private, 4 November 1868. Memorandum of Dr Willis on the occasion of his visit to Takata to render medical assistance to wounded Japanese, 25 October 1868.Google Scholar

27 Later to become Yamagata Aritomo.Google Scholar

28 FO Japan 98, enclosure in Parkes, Private, 4 November 1868. Memorandum of Dr Willis on the occasion of his visit to Takata to render medical assistance to wounded Japanese, October 1868.Google Scholar

29 FO Japan 98, enclosure in Parkes, Private, 2 December 1868. Memorandum of Dr Willis on the occasion of his visit to Kashiwasaki to render medical assistance to wounded Japanese, 3 November 1868.Google Scholar

30 Ibid.

31 FO Japan 98, enclosure in Parkes, Private, 2 December 1868, Willis to Parkes, 3 November 1868.Google Scholar

32 FO Japan 100, memorandum by Dr Willis on the occasion of his visit to Niigata to render medical assistance to wounded Japanese, 13 November 1868.Google Scholar

33 FO Japan 100, memorandum by Dr Willis on the occasion of his visit to Niigata to render medical assistance to wounded Japanese, 13 November 1868.Google Scholar

34 Ibid.

35 Ibid.

36 Ibid.

37 Ibid.

38 Ibid.

39 Ibid.

40 Ibid.

41 FO Japan 100, memorandum by Dr Willis on the occasion of his visit to Niigata to render medical assistance to wounded Japanese, 23 November 1868.Google Scholar

42 Ibid.

43 Ibid.

44 Ibid.

45 Ibid.

46 FO Japan 98, enclosure in Parkes, Private of 2 December 1868. Memorandum by Dr Willis on the occasion of his visit to Shibata to render medical assistance to wounded Japanese, 18 November 1868.Google Scholar

47 Ibid.

48 Ibid.

49 Ninnaji no Miya (a chizi of the Gummukan).Google Scholar

50 As note 46.Google Scholar

51 As note 46.Google Scholar

52 Ibid.

53 FO Japan 98, enclosure in Parkes, Private of 2 December 1868, Willis to Parkes, 18 November 1868.Google Scholar

54 FO Japan 98, enclosure in Parkes, Private of 2 December 1868. Memorandum by Dr Willis on the occasion of his visit to Shibata to render medical assistance to wounded Japanese.Google Scholar

55 Ibid.

56 Ibid.

57 FO Japan 106, enclosure 1 in no. 17, Parkes to Stanley, 26 January 1869. Memorandum by Dr Willis on the subject of his visit to Takata, Kashiwasaki, Neegata, Shibata, and Wakamatsu to render medical assistance to wounded Japanese, 23 January 1869.Google Scholar

58 FO Japan 106, enclosure 1 in no. 17, Parkes to Stanley, 26 January 1869. Memorandum by Dr Willis on the subject of his visit to Takata, Kashiwasaki, Neegata, Shibata, and Wakamatsu to render medical assistance to wounded Japanese, 23 January 1869.Google Scholar

59 Ibid.

60 Ibid.

61 Ibid.

62 FO Japan 106, enclosure 1 in no. 17, Parkes to Stanley, 26 January 1869. Memorandum by Dr Willis on the subject of his visit to Takata, Kashiwasaki, Neegata, Shibata, and Wakamatsu to render medical assistance to wounded Japanese, 23 January 1869.Google Scholar

63 Ibid.

64 Ibid.

65 Ibid.

66 FO Japan 106, enclosure 1 in no. 17, Parkes to Stanley, 26 January 1869. Memorandum to Dr Willis on the subject of his visit to Takata, Kashiwasaki, Neegata, Shibata, and Wakamatsu to render medical assistance to wounded Japanese, 23 January 1869.Google Scholar

67 Kyōto-Shugoshoku.Google Scholar

68 FO Japan 106, enclosure 1 in no. 17, Parkes to Stanley, 26 January 1869. Memorandum to Dr Willis on the subject of his visit to Takata, Kashiwasaki, Neegata, Shibata, and Wakamatsu to render medical assistance to wounded Japanese, 23 January 1869.Google Scholar

69 Ibid.

70 Ibid.

71 FO Japan 106, enclosure 1 in no. 77, Parkes to Stanley, 26 January 1869. Memorandum to Dr Willis on the subject of his visit to Takata, Kashiwasaki, Neegata, Shibata, and Wakamatsu to render medical assistance to wounded Japanese, 23 January 1869.Google Scholar

72 Ibid.

73 Ibid.

74 Ibid.

75 FO Japan 106, enclosure 1 in no. 17, Parkes to Stanley, 26 January 1869. Memorandum to Dr Willis on the subject of his visit to Takata, Kashiwasaki, Neegata, Shibata, and Wakamatsu to render medical assistance to wounded Japanese, 23 January 1869.Google Scholar

76 Ibid.

77 FO Japan 100, memorandum by Dr Willis on the occasion of his visit to Kashiwasaki to render medical attendance to wounded men, 12 December 1868.Google Scholar

78 FO Japan 100, memorandum by Dr Willis on the occasion of his visit to Kashiwasaki to render medical attendance to wounded men, 12 December 1868.Google Scholar

79 Ibid.

80 FO Japan 100, memorandum by Dr Willis on the occasion of his visit to Kashiwasaki to render medical attendance to wounded men, 22 December 1868.Google Scholar

81 FO Japan 106, no. 17, Parkes to Stanley, 26 January 1869.Google Scholar

82 FO Japan 100, memorandum by Dr Willis on the occasion of his visit to Kashiwasaki to render medical attendance to wounded men, 12 December 1868.Google Scholar

83 FO Japan 100, memorandum by Dr Willis on the occasion of his visit to Kashiwasaki to render medical attendance to wounded men, 12 December 1868.Google Scholar

84 Ibid.

85 FO Japan 106, enclosure 1 in no. 17, Parkes to Stanley of 26 January 1869. Memorandum by Dr Willis on the subject of his visit to Takata, Kashiwasaki, Neegata, Shibata, and Wakamatsu to render medical assistance to wounded Japanese.Google Scholar

86 Satow, E. M.: A Diplomat in Japan, (London 1921), pp. 405408.Google Scholar

87 Beasley, W. G.: The Modern History of Japan, (London 1963), p. 99.Google Scholar

88 FO Japan 106, no. 23 Parkes to Stanley, 27 January 1869.Google Scholar

89 FO Japan 106, enclosure 3 in no. 23 of 27 January 1869. Petition of Tokugawa Kerai to the Mikado.Google Scholar