Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-lj6df Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T08:56:09.909Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Response to Rural Reform in an Overseas Chinese Area: Examples from Two Localities in the Western Pearl River Delta Region, South China1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 November 2008

Graham E. Johnson
Affiliation:
University of British Columbia
Woon Fong-Yuen
Affiliation:
University of Victoria

Abstarct

A major transformation has occurred in rural China since reform policies were initiated in 1979. It has been particularly dramatic in the highly commercialized Pearl River delta region of the southern province of Guangdong, provenance of most North Americans of Chinese origin. The delta region has become firmly incorporated into the global economy and its external linkages, especially to Hong Kong, have been central in the process of change. The responses to reform in the areas of the delta dominated by an Overseas Chinese presence have been distinctive. Varied family economic strategies have arisen to meet the opportunities implicit in the new policies for rural reform in a region in which remittances from abroad are significant. There has also been the revival of complex kinship groupings (lineages) energized by Overseas Chinese communities, which have assumed important roles in regional economic development.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1997

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Baker, Hugh D. R. 1968. A Chinese Lineage Village: Sheungshui. London: Frank Cass.Google Scholar
Baker, Hugh D. R. 1979. Chinese Family and Kinship. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Chan, Anita, Madsen, Richard and Unger, Jonathan. 1992. Chen Village Under Mao and Deng. Berkeley: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chang, C. Y. 1980. ‘Overseas Chinese in China's Policy’, China Quarterly 82 (06 1980), 281303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Han-seng, Chen. 1936. Landlord and Peasant in China: A Study of Agrarian Crisis in South China. New York: International Publishers.Google Scholar
Hongzhang, Chen. 1987. ‘Taishan Xian Huaqiao Gangao Tongbao Touzi Banxue Qingkuang Jieshou’ [Introduction to the Situation of Investment and School Management by Overseas Chinese and Hong Kong-Macao Compatriots in Taishan], in Guangdong Sheng Taishan Xian Zhengxie Wenshi Weiyuanhui (ed.), Wenshi, Taishan [Taishan History and Culture], pp. 1938.Google Scholar
Ta, Chen. 1923. Chinese Migration, with Special Reference to Labour Conditions. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
Ta, Chen. 1940. Emigrant Communities in South China. New York: Institute of Pacific Relations.Google Scholar
Crissman, Lawrence W. 1967. ‘The Segmentary Structure of Overseas Chinese Communities’, Man (New Series) 2: 2 (06), 185204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deane, Hugh and Hinton, William. 1989. ‘Mao's Rural Policies: A Debate’, Monthly Review 40 (03), 136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Endicott, Stephen. 1988. Red Earth: Revolution in a Sichuan Village. London: I. B. Tauris.Google Scholar
Zhiwen, Fang. 1987. ‘Shandi Xu de Jinxi’ [Shandi Market, Yesterday and Today], in Guangdong Sheng Taishan Xian Zhengxie Wenshi Weiyuanhui (ed.), Taishan, Wenshi [Taishan History and Culture], pp. 51–7.Google Scholar
Faure, David. 1986. The Structure of Chinese Rural Society: Lineage and Village in the Eastern New Territories, Hong Kong. Hong Kong: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Fitzgerald, Stephen. 1972. China and the Overseas Chinese: A Study of Peking's Changing Policy, 1949–1970. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Freedman, Maurice. 1958. Lineage Organization in Southeastern China. London: Athlone Press.Google Scholar
Freedman, Maurice. 1966. Chinese Lineage and Society: Fukien and Kwangtung. London. Athlone Press.Google Scholar
Guangdong, 1992 Yearbook Compilation Committee. 1992. Guangdong Nianjian 1992 [Guangdong Yearbook: 1992]. Guangzhou: Guangzhou Wenhua Chubanshe.Google Scholar
Guangdong, Statistical Bureau. 1992. Guangdongsheng Tongji Nianjian 1992 [Guangdong Statistical Yearbook 1992]. Beijing: Zhongguo Tongji Chubanshe.Google Scholar
Guangdong, Statistical Bureau. 1991. Guangdong Sheng Xian (Qu) Guomin Tongji Ziliao 1980–1990 [Statistical Materials on the Guangdong Domestic Economy at the County (District) Levels]. Guangzhou: Guangdong Tongji Chubanshe.Google Scholar
Guojia, Tongjiju. 1992. Zhongguo Tongji Nianjian 1992 [Statistical Yearbook of China 1992]. Beijing: Zhongguo Tongji Chubanshe.Google Scholar
Glick, Clarence E. 1980. Sojourners and Settlers: Chinese Migrants in Hawaii. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.Google Scholar
Godley, Michael R. 1989. ‘The Sojourners: Returned Overseas Chinese in the People's Republic of China’, Pacific Affairs 62:3 (Fall), 330–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Griffin, Keith. 1984. Institutional Reform and Economic Development in the Chinese Countryside. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Hayes, James. 1977. The Hong Kong Region 1850–1911: Institutions and Leadership in Town and Countryside. Hamden, Connecticut and Folkestone: Archon and Dawson.Google Scholar
Hayes, James. 1983. The Rural Communities of Hong Kong: Studies and Themes. Hong Kong: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hinton, William. 1988. ‘Dazhai Revisited’, Monthly Review 39: 10 (10), 3450.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ho, Ping-ti. 1966. Zhongguo Huiguan Shilun [Historical Essays on Chinese Landsmannschaften]. Taipei.Google Scholar
Johnson, Graham E. 1982. ‘The Production Responsibility System in Chinese Agriculture: Some Examples from Guangdong’, Pacific Affairs 55: 3 (Fall), 430–52.Google Scholar
Johnson, Graham E. 1986. ‘1997 and After: Will Hong Kong Survive? A Personal View’, Pacific Affairs 59:2 (Summer), 237–54.Google Scholar
Johnson, Graham E. 1989. ‘Rural Transformation in South China: Views from the Locality’, Revue européenne des sciences sociales, tome XXVII (no. 84), 191226.Google Scholar
Johnson, Graham E.. 1992. ‘The Political Economy of Chinese Urbanization: Guangdong and the Pearl River Delta’, in Gregory, Guldin (ed.), Urbanizing China. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, pp. 185220.Google Scholar
Kulp, Daniel. 1925. Country Life in South China: The Sociology of Familism. New York: Columbia University Teachers College.Google Scholar
Lo, C. p. 1989. ‘Recent Spatial Restructuring in Zhujiang Delta, South China: A Study of Socialist Regional Development Strategy’, Annals of the Association of American Geographers 79: 2, 293308.Google Scholar
Lu, Zifeng. 1985. ‘Luetan Taishan de Xuzhen Fazhan’ [An Outline of the Development of Markets in Taishan], in Guangdong Sheng Taishan Xian Zhengxie Wenshi Weiyuanhui (ed.), Taishan, Wenshi [Taishan History and Culture], Vol. 4, pp. 23–6.Google Scholar
Ma, Lawrence J. C. and Cui, Gonghao. 1987. ‘Administrative Changes and Urban Population in China’, Annals of the Association of American Geographers 77: 3, 373–99.Google Scholar
Mei, Yimin. 1984. ‘Duanfen Meizu Shilue’ [A Brief History of the Mei Lineage of Duanfen], in Mei, Yimin (e.d.), Xiangqing Shi'ai [Homeland Attachment: Gleanings of Affection]. Taishan, n.p., pp. 98100.Google Scholar
Mei, Yimin. 1987. ‘Taishan Xian Meixing Cunzhuang yu Haiwai Meizu Qinhui’ [The Mei Lineage Villages of Taishan and the Mei Clan Associations Overseas], in Guangdong Sheng Taishan Xian Zhengxie Wenshi Weiyuanhui (ed.), Taishan, Wenshi [Taishan History and Culture], pp. 3942.Google Scholar
Parish, William L. (ed.). 1985. Chinese Rural Development: The Great Transformation. Armonk, N.Y., and London: Sharpe.Google Scholar
Parish, William L. and Whyte, Martin K.Village and Family in Contemporary China. Chicago: Chicago University Press.Google Scholar
Peterson, Glen D. 1988. ‘Socialist China and the Huaqiao’, Modern China 14:4 (06), 309–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pepper, Suzanne. 1980. ‘Chinese Education After Mao: Two Steps Forward, Two Steps Back and Begin Again?’, China Quarterly 81 (03), 165.Google Scholar
Potter, Jack. 1966. Capitalism and the Chinese Peasant. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Potter, Sulamith H. and Jack, Potter. 1990. China's Peasants: The Anthropology of Revolution. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reeitsu, Kojima. 1988. ‘Agricultural Organizations: New Forms, New Contradictions’, China Quarterly 116 (12), 706–35.Google Scholar
Shillinglaw, Geoffrey. 1971. ‘Traditional Rural Cooperation and Social Structure: The Communist Chinese Collectivisation of Agriculture’, in Peter, Worsley (ed.), Two Blades of Grass: Rural Cooperatives in Agricultural Modernization. Manchester: Manchester University Press, pp. 137–57.Google Scholar
Shue, Vivienne. 1984. ‘The Fate of the Commune’, Modern China 10: 3 (06), 259–83.Google Scholar
Sicular, Terry. 1988. ‘Agricultural Planning and Pricing in the Post-Mao Period’, China Quarterly 116 (12), 671705.Google Scholar
Siu, Helen F. 1989. Agents and Victims in South China: Accomplices in Rural Revolution. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Skinner, G. William. 1964. ‘Marketing and Social Structure in Rural China, Part 1’, Journal of Asian Studies 24: 1 (11), 343.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Skinner, G. William 1985. ‘Rural Marketing in China: Repression and Revival’, China Quarterly 103 (09), 393413.Google Scholar
Tan, Yanbo. 1988. ‘Zhongshi Shengchan Touru, Zengqiang Qiye Zaisheng Jineng’ [Pay Attention to Productive Inputs, Strengthen Enterprise Growth, Expand Skill], Quangdong Shehui Kexue [Social Science in Guangdong] 1, 31–6.Google Scholar
Thogersen, Stig. 1987. ‘China's Senior Middle Schools in a Social Perspective: A Survey of Yantai District, Shandong Province’, China Quarterly 109 (03), 72100.Google Scholar
Unger, Jonathan. 1985. ‘De-collectivization in the Chinese Countryside: A Survey of 28 Villages’, Pacific Affairs 57: 4 (Winter), 621–45.Google Scholar
Vogel, Ezra. 1969. Canton Under Communism: Programs and Politics in a Provincial Capital, 1949–1968. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Vogel, Ezra. 1989 a. One Step Ahead in China: Guangdong Under Reform. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Vogel, Ezra. 1989 b. ‘Guangdong's Dynamic Inner Delta’, The China Business Review, 0910, 5662.Google Scholar
Walker, Kenneth. 1986. ‘Chinese Agriculture During the Period of Readjustment’, China Quarterly 100 (12), 783812.Google Scholar
Walker, Kenneth. 1989. ‘Forty Years On: Provincial Contrasts in China's Rural Economic Development’, China Quarterly 119 (09), 448–80.Google Scholar
Wang, Gungwu. 1985. ‘External China as a New Policy Area’, Pacific Affairs 58: 1 (Spring), 2843.Google Scholar
Watson, Andrew. 1988. ‘The Reform of Agricultural Marketing in China Since 1978’, China Quarterly 113 (03), 128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watson, James L. 1975. Emigration and the Chinese Lineage: The Mans in Hong Kong and London. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Watson, James L.. 1977. ‘Hereditary Tenancy and Corporate Landlordism: A Case Study’, Modern Asian Studies 11, 161–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watson, James L. 1982. ‘Chinese Kinship Reconsidered: Anthropological Perspective on Historical Research’, China Quarterly 92 (12), 589622.Google Scholar
Watson, Rubie S. 1982. ‘The Creation of a Chinese Lineage: The Teng of Ha Tsuen, 1669–1751’, Modern Asian Studies 16, 593615.Google Scholar
Watson, Rubie S.. 1985. Inequality Among Brothers: Class and Kinship in South China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wickberg, Edgar (ed.). 1982. From China to Canada: A History of the Chinese Communities in Canada. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart.Google Scholar
Wickberg, Edgar (ed.). 1988. ‘Chinese Organizations and Ethnicity in Southeast Asia and North America Since 1945: A Comparative Analysis’, in Jennifer, Cushman and Wang, Gungwu (eds), Changing Identities of the Southeast Asian Chinese. Hong Kong: University of Hong Kong Press, pp. 303–18.Google Scholar
Woon, Yuen-fong. 1977. ‘Social Organization and Ceremonial Life of Two Multi-surname Villages in Hoi-p'ing County, South China, 1911–1949’, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Hong Kong Branch 17, 101–11.Google Scholar
Woon, Yuen-fong. 1979. ‘The Non-localized Descent Group in Traditional China’, Ethnology 18:1, 1729.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woon, Yuen-fong. 19831984. ‘The Voluntary Sojourner Among the Overseas Chinese: Myth or Reality’, Pacific Affairs 56:4 (Winter), 673–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woon, Yuen-fong. 1984a. Social Organization in South China 1911–1949 The Case of the Kuan Lineage of K'ai-ping County. Ann Arbor, Mich.: Center for Chinese Studies, University of Michigan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woon, Yuen-fong. 1984 b. ‘An Emigrant Community in the Ssu-yi Area, Southeastern China 1885–1949’, Modern Asian Studies 18: 2, 273306.Google Scholar
Woon, Yuen-fong. 1989. ‘Social Change and Continuity in South China: Overseas Chinese and the Guan Lineage of Kaiping County, 1949–1987’, China Quarterly 118 (06), 324–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woon, Yuen-fong. 1990. ‘International Links and the Socio-economic Development of Rural China: An Emigrant Community in Guangdong’, Modern China 16:2, 139–72.Google Scholar
Wu, Chun-hsi. 1967. Dollars, Dependants and Dogmas: Overseas Chinese Remittances to Communist China. Stanford: The Hoover Institution.Google Scholar
Wu, Xingci and Li, Zhen. 1988. ‘Gum San Haak in the 1980s: A Study of Chinese Emigrants Who Return to Taishan County for Marriage’, Amerasia 14:2, 2135.Google Scholar
Yang, Ch'ing-kun. 1959. A Chinese Village in Early Communist Transition. Cambridge, Mass.: M.I.T. Press.Google Scholar
Yang, Dali. 1990. ‘Patterns of China's Regional Development Strategy’, China Quarterly 122 (06),230–57.Google Scholar