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Advanced anode materials for sodium ion batteries: carbodiimides

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 March 2017

Aitor Eguia-Barrio ,
Elizabeth Castillo-Martinez ,
Xiaohui Liu ,
Richard Dronskowski ,
Luis Lezama ,
Michel Armand  and
Teofilo Rojo
Aitor Eguia-Barrio
Affiliation:
Dpto. de Química Inorgánica, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
Elizabeth Castillo-Martinez*
Affiliation:
CIC Energigune, Parque Tecnológico de Alava, C/Albert Einstein 48, 01510, Miñano, Spain
Xiaohui Liu
Affiliation:
Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52056, Aachen, Germany
Richard Dronskowski
Affiliation:
Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52056, Aachen, Germany
Luis Lezama
Affiliation:
Dpto. de Química Inorgánica, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
Michel Armand
Affiliation:
CIC Energigune, Parque Tecnológico de Alava, C/Albert Einstein 48, 01510, Miñano, Spain
Teofilo Rojo*
Affiliation:
Dpto. de Química Inorgánica, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain. CIC Energigune, Parque Tecnológico de Alava, C/Albert Einstein 48, 01510, Miñano, Spain
*
*Corresponding author: ilaisza@hotmail.com, trojo@cicenergigune.com
*Corresponding author: ilaisza@hotmail.com, trojo@cicenergigune.com

Abstract

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TMNCN (where TM = Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+ or Ni2+) have been recently proposed as electrochemically active materials for Na-ion insertion that operate via conversion reaction. Their electrochemical performance for Na-ion batteries is presented here with an emphasis on long-term cycling. With a very low voltage for Na insertion of ∼0.1V vs Na+/Na for MnNCN, the overpotential observed in batteries of MnNCN plays a very important role in their performance, evidencing big differences in the electrochemical performance between materials produced with different nano- and micrometer particle sizes evidenced by SEM images. A more suitable voltage for the conversion reaction accompanied by less overpotential is shown by FeNCN, CoNCN and NiNCN. Despite the lower reversible capacity achieved by FeNCN (450 mAh/g) in comparison with CoNCN and NiNCN in the first cycle; the smallest first-cycle irreversible capacity (220 mAh/g) and the lower voltage plateau (0.3 V vs Na+/Na) make FeNCN a good candidate as an anode material for sodium ion batteries. The voltages of conversion reaction are correlated with the calculated enthalpies of formation suggesting that thermodynamics dominates the observed electrochemical conversion reaction.

Keywords

organometallicenergy storageNa
Type
Articles
Information
MRS Advances , Volume 2 , Issue 21-22: Energy and Sustainability , 2017 , pp. 1165 - 1176
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2017 

Footnotes

#

Current address: Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW, Cambridge, UK.

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